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Macronutrients

Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids. Macronutrients. Carbohydrates. Most important source of energy for the body Found in plants Made of C, H and O Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose) Disaccharides, made of two monosaccharides

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Macronutrients

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  1. Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids Macronutrients

  2. Carbohydrates • Most important source of energy for the body • Found in plants • Made of C, H and O • Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose) • Disaccharides, made of two monosaccharides • Sucrose/table sugar, from sugar cane (Glu + Fru) • Maltose/malts, from seeds (Glu + Glu) • Lactose/from milk (Glu + Gala)

  3. Polysaccharides, made of many monosaccharides • Starch (from plants) made of glucose. 2 kinds: • Amylose: smaller (up to 1000) in a simple coil of glucose • Amylopectin: larger (more than 1000) many longish (24 - 36) branching chains of glucose • Glycogen (in animals) made of glucose, looks like amylopectin, but with shorter branching chains (16 – 24) • Cellulose (plant cell walls) humans can't digest it. Made of glucose, has multi-layered structure, not coiled.

  4. Lipids • Store energy, components of cell membranes, cushion organs, insulation against cold, carriers for vitamins and raw material in synthesis of hormones • Made of C, H and O • Insoluble in water • Most common kind triglyceride (made of glycerol and 3 fatty acids) • Another kind is phospholipid, which has a polar phosphate group at one end

  5. Saturated fats • Animal fat • No double bonds • Solid at room temp • Hard to break down • Unsaturated fats • Plant oils • Have some double bonds • Liquid at room temperature • Easier to break down (double bonds are weaker)

  6. Steroid

  7. Proteins • Structural parts of cells, build cells, repair cells, are enzymes which speed chemical reactions, make up of muscles, nerves, skin, hair and are antibodies which defend the body. • Found in meat • Made of C, H, O and N • Built of amino acids (there are 20 a.a.'s just arranged in different ways like Lego to make different proteins.)

  8. Nucleic acids • Do not come from food, but are in the nucleus of the cell • Make up chromosomes (DNA, RNA) • Can duplicate for cell division • Made of nucleotides • 5 carbon sugar • Phosphate group • Nitrogen base

  9. RNA • Single stranded • Works as a messenger, carrying information for DNA • Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Uracil • DNA • Double stranded • Double helix spiral • Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine

  10. DNA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy8dk5iS1f0

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