CRCT Practice January 27, 2014 What is made up of all the populations in a n area? Niches

1. CRCT Practice January 27, 2014 What is made up of all the populations in an area? Niches Habitats Community Ecosystem

2. Notes, January 27, 2014 ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What is permafrost? Why does permafrost happen in the tundra?

3. Tundra Biomes • Nothernmost biome • Climate features: • Average yearly rainfall: 25 cm/year • Average yearly temperature: 20° F to -30 F • cold, dry, and has no trees • Winter is long, dark, and extremely cold • Summers are short and cold • Only the top part of the soil defrosts • in the summer months

4. Plants of the tundra biome: • Must be adapted to drought and cold • Must have small roots since the permafrost • won’t allow trees and other large, deep root • plants to grow. • Mosses • Grasses • Small shrubs

5. Animals of the tundra biome • Must be adapted to the cold, • dry environment. • These adaptations include: • Camouflage • Small ears • Migration • Tough hooves

6. Summer animals: • Tons of misquitoes, blackflies, biting insects • Migratory insect eating birds (ducks, geese, • shorebirds, and songbirds • Hawks, snowy owls, willow grouse, mice, • lemmings, artic hares, caribou, reindeer, and • musk ox

7. CRCT Practice January 28, 2014 What term best describes a symbiotic relationship in which one species is helped and the other harmed? Mutualism Parasitism Commensalism Consumerism

8. Notes, January 28, 2014 ESSENTIAL QUESTION Biomes are names after what?

9. Taiga Biome (also known as the Boreal Forest, and the Coniferous Forest Biome) Largest terrestrial biome on Earth with least biodiversity Climatic factors: South of the tundra biome Precipitation is mostly snow-yearly avg: 35 cm to 100 cm Yearly average temperature: -65° F to 70° F

10. Found in northern North America, Europe, • and Asia • Cold forest area dominated by cone-bearing • evergreen trees • Warmer and wetter than the tundra • Most soils thaw during the summer (so trees • and larger plants can grow here)

11. Plant adaptations: • Leaves are needles and covered with wax • Trees bear cones • Trees are triangle shaped so snow slips off • Lichens and mosses can grow in the dense • shade of the forest floor • Conifers are the main type of plants

12. Animal adaptations: • Camouflage • Migration • Hibernation • Thick fur • ‘Snow shoe’ feet • Small ears (conserves heat) • Birds, ermine, lynx, marten, moose, • Snowshoe rabbit, wolverine

13. CRCT Practice January 29, 2014 Which group makes up the largest level of an energy pyramid? Herbivores Producers Decomposers Carvivores

14. Notes, January 28, 2014 ESSENTIAL QUESTION How does latitude affect the average yearly temperature of each biome?

15. Deciduous Forest Biome • Has four distinct seasons each year • Trees lose their leaves in the winter • Our home biome • Climate: • Annual precipitation: 75 cm to 150 cm • Annual temperature: a little below • freezing to 70° F.

16. Found: • The eastern half of north America • Middle of Europe • Asia (SW Russia, Japan, Eastern China) • South America (southern Chili, Paraguay) • New Zealand • Southeastern Australia • Locations’ latitude is getting closer to the • Equator, so the temperature is getting • warmer

17. Plants of the Deciduous Forest Biome: • Carpet moss • Beech trees • Ferns • Mushrooms • Birch trees • Oak trees • Flowering plants

18. Animals of the Deciduous Forest Biome: • Bald Eagle • Black Bear • Coyote • Platypus • Chipmunks • Mice • Weasels • Deer

19. The animals must adapt by: Hibernating Camouflage Being able to eat a variety of foods The plants adapt by: Growing toward the sunlight Soaking up nutrients from the nutrient Rich soil

20. CRCT Practice January 30, 2014 Where is most of the energy found in an Energy pyramid? At the top level In the middle levels At the bottom levels All levels are the same

21. NOTES, JANUARY 30, 2014 ESSENTIAL QUESTION Which is the smallest biome on Earth?

22. TEMPERATE RAINFOREST BIOME Climate factors: Average yearly temperature: below freezing to 70° F Average yearly precipitation: 50-60 inches This is an endangered biome. About 87% of these forest have been logged.

23. Found in New Zealand, southern Chili, and the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The temperate rainforest biome is now the smallest terrestrial biome due to deforestation.

24. Plants of the Temperature Rainforest: • Trees with needlelike leaves like • Douglas fir, western red cedar, and spruce • Ferns • Mosses • Lichens

25. Animals of the Temperate Rainforest • Squirrels • Chipmunks • Snakes • Frogs • Insects • Birds • Wolves • Cougars

26. CRCT Practice January 30, 2014 Some harmless species imitate or mimic a poisonous species as a means for survival. What is this an example of? Camouflage Mimicry Isolation Predation

27. ESSENTIAL QUESTION Which biome has the most biodiversity?

28. Tropical Rainforest Biome • The biome located closest to the equator • so the temperatures are warm and steady. • These forests have three distinct layers: • canopy • understory • forest floor

29. Found in: • Central America (Amazon River Basin) • Africa • Madagascar • West coast of India • Southeast Asia • New Guinea • Australia

30. Climate factors: Precipitation: 150 cm of rain per year (usually rains about 1/8 of an inch every day) Temperature: 64°F to 70° F; day and night temperatures do not vary