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The Psychology of Judging

Learn about cognitive biases and how they affect decision-making processes. Explore common biases such as confirmation bias, bandwagon bias, halo effect, and Von Restorff effect. Utilize the Ladder of Inference to cultivate objectivity in judgment. Follow steps to analyze data, filter information, assign meaning, and draw conclusions. Adjust beliefs and take confident actions based on reflective practice. Improve decision-making skills by challenging assumptions, evaluating evidence, and maintaining objectivity.

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The Psychology of Judging

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  1. The Psychology of Judging Overcoming Bias Ann Heppner, Brevet Judge

  2. What is Cognitive Bias? • The inherent thinking errors that humans make in processing information. • Prevents one from accurately understanding reality • Is intrinsic to human thought

  3. Types of bias

  4. Confirmation bias

  5. Confirmation Bias • What it is: • When you look for information that supports your existing beliefs • When you reject data that goes against your beliefs • What happens: • Leads to biased decisions because you don’t factor in all of the relevant information

  6. Bandwagon Bias

  7. Ingroup (Bandwagon) Bias • What it is • Groupthink, crowd psychology, herd behavior, social pressure (judging with a higher rated judge) • Tendency to do (or think) things because many other people do (or think) the same • Asch conformity experiment: built in desire to conform • What happens • Leads to biased decisions because we have not made our OWN decision or used our OWN data or practiced to OWN our process

  8. Halo effect

  9. Halo Effect • What is it: • When you see something or someone in a certain light because of a single positive attribute • Your decision is biased because you decision is based on a single data point

  10. Von Resotorff effect

  11. Von Resotorff Effect • What it is • The tendency for an item that ‘stands out like a sore thumb’ to be more likely to be remembered than other items • What happens • Leads to biased decisions based on that: • Fall on the dismount • Argument with coach before performance • Huge tkatchev in the beginning of the routine • Etc.

  12. How we make decisions • The ladder of inference ed.ted.com/lessons/rethinking-thinking-trevor-maber

  13. The Ladder of inference

  14. Shortcircuit your ladder!

  15. Use the Ladder of inference to think objectively Apply the scientific method: use evidence and method to evaluate a situation or gymnatics routine Introduce objectivity and TIME into your decision Assess background information systematically Surround yourself with people who will challenge your opinion • Listen carefully and empathetically to their views

  16. What we don’t have: TIME • We are always under pressure to ‘act now’ rather than spend time reasoning things through and thinking about the true facts. • We will need to be mindful of our ladder and keep in touch with what is happening around us that might be influencing our decisions

  17. Step 1: Raw/Real Data • What ARE the facts? • EXTERNAL AMPLITUDE • INTERNAL AMPLITUDE • OVERALL PERFORMANCE QUALITY • NOTICE WHAT YOU NOTICE!

  18. Step 2: Filter Data • Select data based on experience. • For judges this can happen DURING the routine while collecting raw data! • Review and keep the ‘grandmother’ skill in your head (skill template) • Avoid selecting only part of the data • Be aware of your selection process • Get rid of the ‘voice in your head’ • Use deductive scales, continually review and recalibrate Action Reaction

  19. Step 3 Assign Meaning • Post routine • This is where we apply our knowledge of requirements to the routine • Be certain you are assigning meaning to the REAL data

  20. Still on step 3: Train your eye! • Apply our practiced, considered and deeply trained professional expertise for internal and external amplitude

  21. Still on step 3 • Be sure your decisions are founded on reality and firmly based on the true facts!

  22. Step 4: Assumptions • This is where we can get into trouble if we have ‘selected’ data incorrectly; ‘assigned’ meaning unprofessionally • Now we ‘assume’ this gymnast to have performed in a certain manner

  23. Step 5: Develop Conclusions • Artistry (performance quality) • Composition • Footwork • Body position • Dynamics • Swingful execution Again, consider and make sure you are working with REAL data

  24. Step 6:Adjust Beliefs • REFLECT!!

  25. Step 7: Take Action • POST YOUR SCORE!

  26. Use the ladder to your advantage • Become aware of your own thinking and reasoning (reflective practice) • Make sure others understand your thinking and reasoning (advocacy) • Ask questions of others about what they are thinking (inquiry)

  27. Focus on your ladder • Is your data real? • Is your filter unbiased? • Are your templates accurate? • Are your assumptions professional? • Are your conclusions correct? • Have you reflected? • TAKE ACTION: Post your score with confidence!

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