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Chapter 2, Section 1 Four States of Matter. Matter is made of atoms and molecules that are always in motion The state of matter is determined by how fast the particles move and how strongly they are attracted to eachother. Physical forms in which a substance can exist. The are four solid
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Matter is made of atoms and molecules that are always in motion • The state of matter is determined by how fast the particles move and how strongly they are attracted to eachother.
Physical forms in which a substance can exist. The are four • solid • liquid • gas • plasma States of Matter
Definite shape and volume . • The attraction between the particles are stronger than the attraction between the particles in either a liquid or a gas. • Atoms do not move fast enough to overcome the attraction between them. • Each atom vibrates in place. Solids
Crystalline VS Amorphous SolidsCrystalline – orderly arrangementAmorphous – no orderly arrangement
Liquids • Takes shape of its container. • No definite shape but a definite volume. • Particles move fast enough for some of them to slide between one another
Particles are close to one another so good for hydraulic brakes etc. • surface tension – force acting on the particles at the surface of the liquid • Viscosity – a liquid’s resistance to flow Properties of Liquids
Maple syrup is more viscous than water Water striders walk on water because of surface tension
No definite shape or volume • Atoms move fast enough to break away completely from one another • Particle have less attraction between them than liquid or solid • There is empty space between the particles • The amount of empty space can change Gas
On a blank piece of paper, put the numbers 1-13 • Write solid, liquid, gas, or plasma for each of the following PowerPoint slides ReviewSolid, Liquid, Gas or Plasma
Found in lightning strikes and auroras
Solid • Gas/plasma • Solid • Liquid • Plasma • Gas/plasma • Liquid • Solid • Plasma • Gas/plasma • Plasma • Solid • Plasma Answers to Review Questions
Gas Pressure • Pressure – the amount of force exerted in a given area
The greater the amount of particles, the greater the pressure
These laws describe the the behavior of gases in relationship to temperature and pressure • Boyle’s Law • Charles’ Law Gas Laws
For a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of a gas increases as the pressure decreases • The volume of gas decreases as the pressure increases • Pressure and volume have an inverse relationship Boyle’s Law
At constant pressure as temperature increases, volume increases • As temperature decreases, volume decreases Charles’s Law
The fourth state of matter • No definite shape or volume • Most unknown on earth but most common in universe • Created when electrons are stripped off of an atom leaving the charged particles • Found on earth in lightning strikes, auroras, and fluorescent lights • Affected by magnetic fields and can conduct electricity Plasmas