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Quarter Review

Quarter Review. Unit 3. Of which elements are most living things composed?. What property makes Carbon special for living things? . It makes four bonds It forms single, double and triple Lots of variety for protein, nucleic acids, lipids & carbohydrates.

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Quarter Review

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  1. Quarter Review Unit 3

  2. Of which elements are most living things composed?

  3. What property makes Carbon special for living things? • It makes four bonds • It forms single, double and triple • Lots of variety for protein, nucleic acids, lipids & carbohydrates

  4. Plants are able to grow much taller because of this property of water: Capillary Action: adhesion/cohesion of water molecules to each other and to the sides of the plant

  5. What is a Cell Organelle? • Organelle= “little organ” • Found only inside eukaryotic cells

  6. Nucleus Job of ___________? • Control center of the cell • Contains DNA • Surrounded by a double membrane

  7. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Connected to nuclear membrane • Highway of the cell • _______: studded with ribosomes; it makes proteins • _____: no ribosomes; it makes lipids What is the advantage to multiple folds (accordian-like) for organelles?

  8. Endoplasmic Reticulum • _____________: studded with ribosomes; it makes proteins • ___________: no ribosomes; it makes lipids Rough Smooth

  9. Ribosomes • Site of protein synthesis • Found attached to rough ER or floating free in cytosol • Produced in a part of the nucleus called the nucleolus

  10. Golgi Apparatus • Stores, modifies and packages proteins • Molecules transported by means of vesicles

  11. Lysosomes • Garbage disposal of the cell • Contain digestive enzymes that break down wastes

  12. Mitochondria • “Powerhouse of the cell” • Cellular respiration occurs here to release energy for the cell to use

  13. Chloroplast • Found only in plant cells • Contains the green pigment chlorophyll • Site of food (glucose) production

  14. Cell Wall • Found in plant and bacterial cells • Rigid, protective barrier • Located outside of the cell membrane

  15. Vacuoles • Large central vacuole usually in plant cells • Many smaller vacuoles in animal cells • Storage container for water, food, enzymes, wastes, pigments, etc. What type of microscope may have been used to take this picture?

  16. Centriole • Aids in cell division • Usually found only in animal cells

  17. Plant vs. Animal Cells Cell Wall Centrioles Chloroplast Small Vacuoles Large Vacuole

  18. Cell Membrane • Importance?

  19. Cell Membrane • Selectively Permeable

  20. Cell Membrane • How and Why is arranged this way?

  21. Cell Membrane • Hydrophobic tails repelled from water and are inside; Hydrophilic heads attracted to water on outside

  22. Why do we use Stains when looking at specimens under a microscope? • To help parts stand out

  23. Hypo Iso Hyper

  24. Particle moving from LOW to HIGH… • ACTIVE TRANSPORT • Shown By RED dots

  25. What is the term for “a state of balance”, as in, particles on both sides of a membrane are in balance? • EQUILIBRIUM

  26. NAME THE PHASES?Explain what is happening A B C D

  27. Answers:

  28. NAME THE PHASE • A: Anaphase, Sister chromatids are pulled apart by spindle fibers and go to opposite sides of the cell • B:Metaphase, Chromosomes (sister chromatids) line up on the mid-line of the cell; spindle fibers attach

  29. NAME THE PHASE • C: Telophase and Cytokinesis: the cell begins to furrow, and the organelles and cytoplasm split between the two cells • D: Prophase: The DNA has coiled up and is visible, the nuclear envelope disappears

  30. GENETICS VOCAB 1)diagram used by biologists to predict the outcome of a genetic cross   2)refers to an individual with two different alleles for a trait   3)condition in which both alleles for a gene are expressed when present  

  31. 4)refers to an individual with two identical alleles for a trait   5)an alternative form of a gene   6)condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of its two parents  

  32. 7)genetic trait that is expressed when it's allele is homozygous or heterozygous   (strong trait) 8)genetic trait that is not expressed when the contrasting form of the trait is present  (hidden trait)

  33. 9)study of heredity     10)cross involving one pair of contrasting traits   11)transmission of genetic traits from parent to offspring   12)A segment of DNA that codes for one trait

  34. 13) A tightly coiled strand of DNA 14)observable characteristics of an organism   15)the genetic makeup of an organism as indicated by its set of alleles

  35. Vocab Answers • . Punnett Square • Heterozygous • Co-dominance • Homozygous • Allele • Incomplete Dominance

  36. Vocab Answers • Dominant • Recessive • Genetics • Monohybrid • Inheritance • gene

  37. Vocab Answers • chromosome • Genotype • Phenotype

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