Welcome to AP Biology 

1. Welcome to AP Biology  • Agenda: 8/27/12 • Registration • Student Info Sheets / Safety Contracts • Distribute Books • HW – Student Survey

2. AP Biology • Class Expectations found on Durango Website http://www.durangohighschool.net/ • Course Information, supplemental materials, AP test info go to www.collegeboard.com • Online Textbook/Notes go to http://www.course-notes.org/Biology/Slides/Campbells_Biology_7th_Edition • NMSI Website – more to come

3. Homework – Student Survey • On a separate sheet of paper please tell me about yourself in 1 page. Must include the following: • Interests/hobbies/family • Past Science courses • How you learn best / learning style • Goals for AP Biology • Goals for your future • Due Tomorrow!

4. Welcome to AP Biology ~ Day 2 • Agenda: 8/28/12 • Collect Student Info Sheets / Safety Contracts • Distribute Books (if needed) • AP Bio / Chp.1 Overview • HW – Chp.2 Read & Review Questions • Quiz 1 will be this FRIDAY (8/31/12) • Covers review materials: Chp.1-3, Lab Safety, Scientific Method, Designing a Controlled Experiment

5. AP Biology Test • Monday, May 14 • http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/biology/exam.html?biology

6. Course Break Down • Big Idea 1: EvolutionThe process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life. • Big Idea 2: Cellular Processes: Energy and CommunicationBiological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce, and to maintain dynamic homeostasis. • Big Idea 3: Genetics and Information TransferLiving systems store, retrieve, transmit, and respond to information essential to life processes. • Big Idea 4: InteractionsBiological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties.

7. Learning Objectives • Labs • Questions?

8. Study of Life Themes

9. Themes • Science as a process of inquiry • questioning & investigation • Evolution • Energy transfer • Continuity & Change • Relationship of structure to function • Regulation • Interdependence in nature • Science, technology & society

10. Science as a process of inquiry

11. Science as a process of inquiry • Built on repeatable observations & testable, falsifiable hypotheses

12. Falsifiable • A hypothesis is falsifiable if you can design and perform and experiment to show you that it is wrong, if it is wrong (meaning, it can be tested). • EXAMPLES: • Falsifiable – Increasing the amount of water given to a plant will increase its growth • NOT Falsifiable – • Giving a plant more water will make it happier.

13. Charles Darwin Evolution • Core theme of biology

14. Natural selection • Evolutionary change is a product of the process of natural selection Organisms don’t adapt; Organisms haveadaptations.

15. "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution." -- Theodosius DobzhanskyMarch 1973 Geneticist, Columbia University (1900-1975)

16. Evolution explains unity & diversity • Unity • what do organisms have in common & why do similarities exist? • common biochemistry & physiology • evolutionary relationships • connected through common ancestor • Diversity • but why are there differences? • natural selection • adaptations allow different individuals to survive in different environments

18. Organizing systems • Making sense out of the diversity • Hierarchical scheme Eastern gray squirrel Sciurus carolinensis

19. 3 Domains of Life Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya Bacteria Archaea Eukarya

20. Energy transfer • Life is an open system • need input of energy • energyflows through • energy comes in,energy goes out • need a constant input • need input of materials • nutrients are recycled around & around nutrients ENTROPY RULES! DECOMPOSERS RULE, too!

21. Energy utilization You think they’re eating…They’re harvestingenergy!

22. Continuity & change • Continuity of life is based on heritableinformation in the form of DNA • DNA – the genetic material – carries biological information from one generation to the next T R A I T You can make more,a lot like you!

23. Structure and function • The alignment of structure & function is seen at all levels of biology organ organism organelle cell

24. Regulation • Organisms need to maintain a “steady state” in the face of changing conditions • Homeostasis • achieve this through feedback • monitor the body like a thermostat • turn on when it’s needed, off when its not

25. Interdependence in Nature • No organism is an island standing alone • communities, ecosystems

26. Science, technology & society • Science & technology must function within the rules of society • ethics

27. Themes • Science as a process of inquiry • questioning & investigation • Evolution • Energy transfer • Continuity & Change • Relationship of structure to function • Regulation • Interdependence in nature • Science, technology & society

28. Why study themes of Biology? • Biology is an ever expanding body of knowledge • too much to memorize it all • need to generalize • create a framework upon which to organize new knowledge • themes are the key to understanding the nature of living organisms

29. ANY QUESTIONS?

30. Homework • Begin Week 1 Reading Assignment • Suggestion: Complete Chp.1, Start Chp.2 • Complete Review Questions

31. Agenda: 8/29/12 • Collect any signature pages • Review safety features of lab • Review scientific method • Designing a controlled experiment • Homework

32. Lab Safety Tour • Questions?

33. The Scientific Method: Review • Statement of problem. • Observation: data collection. • Hypothesis: proposed explanation • Experimental testing. • Acceptance or rejection of hypothesis.

34. Biologists use various forms of inquiry to explore life • At the heart of science is inquiry • A search for information and explanation, often focusing on specific questions • Biology blends two main processes of scientific inquiry • Discovery science • Hypothesis-based science

35. Discovery Science • Describes natural structures and processes as accurately as possible through careful observation and analysis of data

36. Figure 1.24 Data • Are recorded observations • Can be quantitative or qualitative

37. Induction in Discovery Science • In inductive reasoning • Scientists derive generalizations based on a large number of specific observations

38. Hypothesis-Based Science • In science, inquiry that asks specific questions • Usually involves the proposing and testing of hypothetical explanations, or hypotheses

39. The Role of Hypotheses in Inquiry • In science, a hypothesis • Is a tentative answer to a well-framed question, an explanation on trial • Makes predictions that can be tested

40. Observations Questions Hypothesis # 1:Dead batteries Hypothesis # 2:Burnt-out bulb Prediction: Replacing bulb will fix problem Prediction: Replacing batteries will fix problem Test prediction Test prediction Figure 1.25 Test does not falsify hypothesis Test falsifies hypothesis • We all use hypotheses in solving everyday problems

41. A Closer Look at Hypotheses in Scientific Inquiry • A scientific hypothesis must have two important qualities • It must be testable • It must be falsifiable "No amount of experimentation can ever prove me right, one single experiment can prove me wrong." --- Albert Einstein.

42. Designing Controlled Experiments • Experiments must be designed to test • The effect of one variable by testing control groups and experimental groups in a way that cancels the effects of unwanted variables

43. Theories in Science • A scientific theory • Is broad in scope • Generates new hypotheses • Is supported by a large body of evidence ***In order for a theory to be accepted, it must be consistent and repeatable by others.

44. Designing a Controlled Experiment • Labs, Inquiry, and Lab Reports are a HUGE part of AP Biology • You will work with a partner in this activity to review the components of a controlled activity. • At the end, you will practice designing your own controlled experiment. • You will have class time today and tomorrow, Due Friday!

45. Homework • Continue working on 1st Week Reading Assignment ~ Due Friday! • Suggestion: Complete Chp.2, Start Chp.3 • Quiz Chp.1-3 & Scientific Method is FRIDAY

46. Agenda: 8/30/12 • Collect any signature pages • Feedback & Water movie clip • Continue working on “Designing a Controlled Experiment” with your partner – due tomorrow • Quiz Chp.1-3 & Scientific Method is tomorrow! (1st week reading assignment is due tomorrow)

47. Homework • Finish “Designing a Controlled Experiment” • Finish 1st Week Reading Assignment ~ Due TOMORROW! • Quiz Chp.1-3 & Scientific Method is tomorrow!

48. Agenda:8/31/12 • Quiz Chp.1-3 & Scientific Method • Finish “Designing a Controlled Experiment” • Review Data & Graphing • HW – Chp.4 (& beginning of 5) notes

49. Data Tables & Graphing Review

50. Working with DATA • When you work with data during an experiment, you need to: • Make accurate and precise measurements. • Account for error in measured values • Develop techniques and consistency for collecting data • Understand the units and properties of the data. • Make observations of trends and patterns in the data. • Produce visual representation of data, GRAPHS and CHARTS.