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UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o I am a student at the university of xxx who was granted a NRF scholarship for a master’s degree. I am now through the thesis and would like to publish it in the SA Journal of Science. Can you please guide me through the process of having it published? This person clearly had funds for post-graduate study and enough academic supervision to gain a further degree, yet no access to the kind of mentoring that would take matters further. Is this an isolated case or the tip of an iceberg? There is good reason to believe that this is no lone call for help. The SAJS receives similar requests, in one form or another, several times a month. Workshops on proposal writing, writing for publication, and general writing skills have been held in the country’s higher education institutions for several years. Participants include not only master’s students nursing a first draft manuscript, like our correspondent, but sometimes also professors and even deans, who perhaps were fast-tracked into senior positions without mastering certain basic skills. 6. Publications
UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o “reject or further evaluate papers based on scanning the title the abstract the introduction the conclusions……. graphics and equations”
UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • 6.1 The topic and material • the student has a topic, • material is original • scientific soundness of work is beyond criticism • proper argument used • conclusions are scientifically sound • experiment used in “verifying” theory ensure proper philosophical context.
UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • Topic and Material (continued) • Purely theoretical paper must be very rigorous to convince peers • Theory is developed to be used as a model for a physical construct • Model (mathematical or often computerized) used to predict properties • Approximations are made, and general validity (although never the proof) of theory must be tested • Measurements of performance to back up and balance theoretical claims • Acceptable to subject a theoretical development to analysis by means of numerical procedure
Join Date: Jun 2008 Location: New York, NY Economist Participant Join Date: Jun 2008 Location: New York, NY Economist Participant
UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • 6.2 Title • first element that attracts attention of possible reader • should be seen as one-sentence abstract • should be as concise as possible and still capture gist
UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • 6.3 Abstract • function to summarize content of paper • so potential reader can immediately decide on level of interest • presents what has been done by the author only • does not put it into context with the body of science • specific terminology
IEEE Transactions, Journals and Letters Information for Authors UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • C. Abstract • The abstract should be limited to 50-200 words and should concisely state what was done, how it was done, principal results, and their significance. The abstract will appear later in various abstracts journals and should contain the most critical information of the paper.
UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o How was it done? What was done Their significance Principal results
Appendix C Examples of Abstracts- The following are examples of the first sentences in a number of typical abstracts. They serve to illustrate the way in which the opening statement captures what is being described in the paper. Abstract -A solution is presented for the characteristics of microstrip open-end gap discontinuities on an infinite dielectric substrate. The exact Green’s function is used in a moment method procedure …
Abstract –Terminal characteristic parameters for a uniform coupled-line four-port for the general case of an asymmetric, in-homogeneous system are derived in this paper. The parameters are derived … Abstract –An exact theory of interdigital line networks and related coupled structures is presented. The theory of parallel-coupled lines is reviewed briefly, and the derivation of exact equivalent circuits … is discussed.
Abstract- A transverse slot placed in the image plane of the image NRD guide that has a low loss nature similar to that of the NRD guide in a millimeter wave circuit can be designed using waveguide array theory. Inthis paper, a method is presented to derive the normalized impedance of the transverse slot needed for the design from standing wave measurement. Near the slot, the standing wave distribution is disturbed by the field scattered from the slot. A method is given to derive the minimum distance for which no effect of the scattered field is received …
Abstract- The normalized impedance of a transverse slot on the image plate of an image NRD that is a modification of the original NRD is formulated by means of the method of moments. In terms of the modes that can be supported within the image NRD guide, the electromagnetic field inside the guide is modally expanded and the dyadic Green's function (DGF) is obtained. In addition, by applying the concept of the virtual cavity method, the DGF is modified. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data obtained by the standing wave measurement method …
UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • 6.4 Introduction • The introduction serves two purposes. • It is the opportunity to describe history of the topic of the paper • Summarize work done by previous authors • Create image of the body of science that underpins your work • Assignment I was the basis for the introduction • Verbose summaries must be collapsed into few paragraphs
UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • 6.4 Introduction (cont) • Avoid over-description – reviewers are critical. • It is a challenging opportunity to explain your own work • Include only qualitative description, not full theory • Where you start and how your work differs from the rest • Then read again the second rule.
Rule 2 All decisions are subjective
UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • 6.5 The Body • Convey knowledge & information about the subject to reader • Realize that reader has not been involved in project from day one • Explain thoroughly but avoid dwelling on trivia • Information transferred to reader through four artefacts
UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • Text • Grammar: sentence paragraph conveys information • Read guidelines use of words and sentence structure. • Avoid empty expressions • “Over the past decade, the exponential growth of both the electrical and electronics industry in the commercial and private sector has resulted in the necessity of a product that meets multiple power and communications requirements.” • “Basically, …” “International”, “Strategic”. • Not using a spelling and grammar checker is a criminal offence.
UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • Mathematics • Do not include standard material • Key general statement may be included, to indicate starting point of argument • Omit numerous steps in a derivation
UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • Graphics • Cliché that a picture is worth a thousand words • Clear and well-lettered drawings can add clarity to explanation • Use Draw in MSW, or CorelDraw • Spreadsheets such as Excel can do acceptable graphs • For professional graphics use drawing programme even for graphs • Graphical representation of results is best suited to convey general trends or variables over a range
UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o ½Z12 Z1 ½Z12 c d a b Z2 Fig. 2 Expanded view of stub connections [J.A.G. Malherbe, “Pseudo-Elliptic Bandpass Filter with Sub-Harmonic Stubs,” Electron. Lett., vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 196-198,3rd Feb. 2011]
UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o [J.A.G. Malherbe, “Elliptically Flared Waveguide Horn with Equal Principal Plane Beamwidths,” in 2011 URSI National Radio Science Meeting, Spokane, Washington, 3-8 July 2011.]
UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o Fig. 10. Cross section through zoned lens of rectangular waveguide. [Lens Antennas by JAG Malherbe, in WILEY ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RF AND MICROWAVE ENGINEERING]
UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • Tables • Tables used when necessary for reader to obtain specific numerical values • Vast body of available examples
How are the input ports fed? It appears as if the input is something like coax, stripline or microstrip, with a transition to NRD. • Is the Beam Cavity of the lens constructed in NRD? • The element ports feed into the lens proper, i.e. where the lines connect to the output port. Are the element ports in NRD? • How are the lines that feed to the Ouput port constructed? In NRD? • How are the Output ports constructed?
Q1. As you know, we do not fabricated NRD Rotman lens and it’s suitable radiator. Feeding methods of NRD guide are horn antenna, slot of microstrip, and coaxial cable. Usually, our laboratory has fed at NRD guide using horn antenna. Q2 and Q4. Black part of above figure is dielectric sandwitched between two conductors (no indication). Q3. Distance between end of lens and output is calculated considering inphase wave. Therefore, real shape of feed lines to the output port may be uneven. Q5. We have proposed gap coupled unidirectional dielectric radiator (UDR) as suitable radiator of NRD Rotman lens. For your exact understanding, I have attached two related paper.
UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o 6.6 The Conclusion • Title is a mini-abstract; • Abstract is a brief statement of what has been done; • Introduction describes the context and states what follows; • Body of the paper sets out specifics pertaining to your work, including experimentation; • Can contain many sections of theory and experiment • Conclusion summarizes what you have done.
UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o The Conclusion (cont) • Only opportunity at which you are allowed to compliment yourself: “In this paper the theory of the non-reciprocating floogle oscillator was developed, and the experimental verification of the validity of the design assumptions was described. It was shown that there is excellent agreement between the measured and calculated results.” • Do not include list of thanks. • “Acknowledgement”
UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • 6.7 References • Discussed extensively in §3.3
UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • 6.8 Where to publish • Where to Publish Your Paper • If you understand it and can prove it, then send it to a journal of mathematics. • If you understand it, but can’t prove it, then send it to a physics journal. • If you can’t understand it, but can prove it, then send it to an economics journal. • If you can neither understand it nor prove it, then send it to a psychology journal. • If it attempts to make something important out of something trivial, then send it to a journal of education. • If it attempts to make something trivial out of something important, send it to a journal of metaphysics. • Psychology [psy.rin.ru]
UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o “Manuscript received March 25, 1992, Revised July 30 1992.” (Published April 1993). “Manuscript received December 29, 1992; revised September 27, 1993.” (Published August 1994). No feedback on review: Electronics Letters (published by ITE)
UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o 6.9 Parergon If primarily a theoretical paper, does the author include sufficient information to enable someone skilled in the subject to follow the arguments? If primarily an experimental paper, is the description of the experimental procedures clear enough to enable someone with access to the necessary equipment to repeat the experiments?
Galileo’s contemporaries Descartes and Mersenne exercised skepticism about his experiments. See [5, p. 107] and [8, p. 20]. For the most part, however, historians took Galileo’s word for it (as expressed on the third day of the Discorsi) that he used carefully constructed experiments as an important tool of both discovery and verificatin of his fundamental insights into motion. This includes Kant [3, preface] and Mach [4]. This point of view prevailed until the late 1930’s when the influential historian Koyr´e proclaimed that Galileo’s real experiments were most certainly inadequate and that he relied on thought experimentation. See [5, pp. 106–107] and [6, p. 224]. The pendulum begins to swing back in 1961 when Settle [8] reconstructed Galileo’s basic apparatus and demonstrated that Galileo could have carried out with satisfactory precision the experiments with inclined planes he described.
Si in horizonte sumantur duo puncta, et ab altero ipsorum quaelibet linea inclinetur ad quam ex altero puncto horizontis altera recta ducatur, ex ea secans partem aequalem ei quae inter puncta horizontis intercipitur, casus per hanc ductam citius absolvitur, quam per quascumque alias rectas ex eodem puncto ad eamdem lineam protractas. In aliis autem, quae per angulos aequales supra et infra ab hac distiterint, casus fiunt temporibus aequalibus.
7. Assignment III • 6.3 Assignment 3 (due 15:30, 01 June 2012): • A The goal of the third assignment is the complete development of the research topic to define the research problem and to serve as a research proposal. The assignment is a direct continuation of Ass. II where the necessary background information has been collected and converted to knowledge. In the run-up to the submission of the assignment, close cooperation with the supervisor is assumed. • B Execution: • a) Read: • (i) [5] Chapters 14-19 • (ii) [6] Chapters 4 and 10 (See introduction, note material • on empirical studies, then study section 19 and 20); • (iii) Consult the internet on writing a thesis research • proposal, and on writing a research article.
UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o 7. Assignment III • Prepare a thesis research proposal that • (i) defines the problem to be addressed; • Describe the body of science that underpins the research proposal. • Define the problem to be addressed ; • Place it in the context of the body of science. • (ii) describes the broad design to be followed and how you intend to set about performing your research. Where relevant, evaluate your proposed procedure in terms of scientific basis and methodology. • Describe the Research question(s) that you will address. • Formulate your Hypothesis. • Describe the research procedure you intend following. (Evaluate the proposed procedure in terms of good argument, etc.)
UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o 7. Assignment III (iii) describes the importance of the work in the broader scientific context and state the main issues around your topic. • Evaluate the expected outcome of your work and your contribution; • the importance in the broader scientific context; • and state the main issues around your topic. • The format of the proposal will be discussed in detail during block lecture 2; it must be written in the IEEE format, with proper title, abstract, introduction, description, conclusion, references, etc. A discussion of scholars, etc. will not be included.
UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o Daar is ’n oorspronklike rede vir elke regulasie. Hoe komplekser die sisteem, hoe moeiliker om die presiese rede vir elke regulasie te bepaal. Regulasies word naderhand dogmas, waarhede waaroor daar nie meer te redeneer is nie. Etienne le Roux, Sewe dae by die Silbersteins, p. 43. Ballet van die boere [There exists an original reason for each regulation. The more complex the system, the more difficult it becomes to determine the exact reason for each regulation. Regulations gradually become dogmas, truths that are not open for discussion.]
UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • 7.1 But is it research? • Theory of Science: science or technology. • scientists try to understand a process in principle, • engineers try to optimize the process for certain aims • science discovers, technology invents • empiricists prefer the discovery paradigm, so they reconstruct any activity as science; • constructivists prefer the invention paradigm, so they see the same activity as technology”.
UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o • It cannot be research, because the results are useful. • It must be consulting, because you are being paid for it. • Can this [problem] be solved with existing knowledge? • Existing knowledge: knowledge that has been gained during all previous study. • It includes the existing body of science – could well have been part of the undergraduate curriculum.
UNIVERSITAS PRETORIENSIS SIGILLUM o Research is solving problems • that need the creation of new knowledge, • through application of existing • and known methods, • through measurement, • or even through the combination of ideas already in existence, • and often across disciplines. • Research topic should be carefully analyzed: is it research, or a good engineering project?
