Hydrogen Technologies Leading to a Hydrogen Economy Hanns-Joachim Neef h.j.neef@fz-juelich.de

1. Conference on the Future of Energy in Enlarged Europe: Perspectives for R&D Co-operationWarsaw, 7-8 October 2004Roundtable: Hydrogen energy technologies and economy Hydrogen Technologies Leading to a Hydrogen Economy Hanns-Joachim Neef h.j.neef@fz-juelich.de Project Management Organisation Jülich (Projektträger Jülich, PTJ)

2. Offices at: Jülich, Berlin, Rostock Staff: total 325; about 150 scientific personnel Total budget administered : ca. 600 Mio. € No. of projects administered : ca. 5300 PtJ at a glance - 2003

3. Why Hydrogen? • H2 and security of energy supply • H2 as a bridging option • H2 and global climate protection • H2 and local environmental protection • H2 and renewable energy • H2 and fuel cells • H2 and investment in energy infrastructure • H2 and industrial competitiveness

4. RTD, Demonstration Commercialization, market penetration H2 driving force CO2-free production H2 production & distribution Pipeline infrastructure • Energy security and supply • Competitiveness • Air quality • Global climate protection Dominant technology Distribution grids Filling/refuelling stations Distributed power generation Passenger cars FC & H2 systems Series production 2010 2020 2030 2040 time Hydrogen- oriented economy The Way to the Hydrogen Economy Fossil- fuel-based economy Ref: European High Level Group , 2003

5. H2 Production • H2 produced by reforming of natural gas • Local H2 production at refuelling stations (reforming and electrolysis) • H2 produced from fossil fuels with CO2Capture and Storage (CCS) • Significant H2 production from renewables, incl. biomass gasification • Increasing de-carbonisation of H2 production; renewables; fossil fuels with CCS; new nuclear • Direct H2 production from renewables; de-carbonised H2 society 2000 2010 2015 2020 2040 2050 Ref: European High Level Group , 2003

6. H2 storage and distribution • H2 transport by road • Local H2 refuelling stations • Local clusters of H2 refuelling stations & clusters of local H2 distribution grids • 1st generation H2 storage • Interconnection of local H2 distribution grids • Widespread of H2 pipeline infrastructure • 2nd generation on-board H2 storage 2000 2010 2015 2015 2020 2025 2025 Ref: European High Level Group , 2003

7. German Initiative Hydrogen Strategy Group Boundary Conditions Supply & Logistics Application Technologies Working Groups FC R&D Strategy Paper RTD Operations New and ongoing projects and initiatives H2 R&D Strategy Paper PEFC SOFC Hydrogen Production Standar- dization Education & PR Working Groups BERTA Task Force

8. P = production L = logistic, infrastructure A = application H2 R&D Strategy Paper • System Analysis • Basic Research • R&D for Application • Demonstration • Overall assessment of technologies • P: alternative technologies, catalysts for decentralised reforming • L: gas separation (H2 and CO2), new storage technologies • A: materials for FC; materials for HD-H2 turbines • P: HD electrolysis; H2 from coal or biomass, H2 from off-shore wind, system analysis for decentralised reforming • L: high-efficient H2 liquefaction, GH2 and LH2 storage, refuelling components, pipeline systems, safety technologies • A: H2 ICE engines, H2 burner for gas turbines, catalytic burners, membrane manufacture, FC manufacture, BOP components • National, EU and international large scale projects (lighthouse projects)

9. European Initiative European Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Platform (H2FCTP) Member States' Mirror Group Advisory Council (Executive Group) H2FCTP Secretariat Strategic Research Agenda Deployment Strategy Steering Panels Initiative Groups Financing, Business Development Regulations, Codes, Standards Education, Training Public Awareness Platform Operations New and ongoing projects and initiatives (EU + MS national, regional & local)

10. HY - CO ERA-NET on Hydrogen and Fuel Cells: (1 October 2004 – 31 October 2008) • HY-CO offers a common European platform for information and programme coordination of hydrogen and fuel cells R&D activities • HY-CO establishes a common knowledge base for development of coherent policies towards a hydrogen economy • HY-CO strengthens the European R&D and demonstration infrastructure on H2/FC technologies through joint activities • HY-CO supports the MemberStates Mirror Group of the H2/FC Platform • HY-CO has 21 participants from 16 countries

11. International Partnership for the Hydrogen Economy • The vision of the International Partnership for the Hydrogen Economy is that a participating country’s consumers will have the practical option of purchasing a competitively priced hydrogen powered vehicle, and be able to refuel it near their homes and places of work, by 2020. • In reality, the IPHE Partners must learn: • How to make fuel cells economical (reduce cost by a factor ten) • Lower cost of hydrogen production by a factor four • Devise practical new methods to store hydrogen • Surmount the overarching obstacles to developing a hydrogen based delivery and refuelling system

12. IPHE Analysis of Options for International Co-operation • Innovative and Alternative Production Processes of Hydrogen • Collaborative Fuel Cell R&D under the IPHE • Hydrogen Storage • Collaborative Activities on Regulations, Codes and Standards for the Hydrogen Economy • Socio-economics of Hydrogen

13. H2/FC Activities at the International Energy Agency • International Cooperation Projects (Implementing Agreements, IAs) • Hydrogen IA • Advanced Fuel Cells IA • Several other IAs related to H2/FC (Alternative Motor Fuels; Greenhouse Gas R&D; System Analysis; …) • Hydrogen Co-ordination Group (HCG) • Energy Technology Perspective Project (Markal-based technical-economic modelling)

14. Conclusions • We need new and improved technologies – otherwise the Hydrogen Economy will not be competitive • Incentives to develop advanced technologies could speed their deployment and alter energy investment patterns • Rules for successful international cooperation • You need added value – like the other partners • You get most out of it if you invest your own resources • You need internal coordination and dissemination • You need a contractual framework with • Clear objectives • Clear programme of work • Clear rules • Efficient management Thank you