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Phylum Arthropoda Textbook pgs. 335-342

Phylum Arthropoda Textbook pgs. 335-342. Spiny-backed orb weaver. Arthropod Classes. Crustaceans Insects Centipedes Millipedes Arachnids Trilobites (extinct). Body Characteristics. Body Symmetry: Bilateral symmetry Cell Organization: Cells to tissues to organs to organ systems

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Phylum Arthropoda Textbook pgs. 335-342

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  1. Phylum ArthropodaTextbook pgs. 335-342 Spiny-backed orb weaver

  2. Arthropod Classes • Crustaceans • Insects • Centipedes • Millipedes • Arachnids • Trilobites (extinct)

  3. Body Characteristics • Body Symmetry: Bilateral symmetry • Cell Organization: Cells to tissues to organs to organ systems • Reproduction: Sexual • Body development: Most arthropods go through METAMORPHOSIS

  4. Just the facts… • Fully developed to life on land • No need of a moist environment • Only invertebrates to fly. • Live in salt and fresh water, soil, land, air • Size ranges from tiny mites to over 3 feet. • Largest phylum in the animal kingdom.

  5. Characteristics of Arthropods • Invertebrate • External skeleton-Exoskeleton • Segmented body • Jointed attachments called appendages • Wings, mouthparts, antennae, legs • Open circulatory system • Internal fertilization • most reproduce sexually • They are EITHER male or female

  6. An Arthropod Exoskeleton • Waterproof shell • Used for protection • Helps prevent evaporation, keeps them from drying out • Place for muscle attachment • Made out of chitin • As the arthropod grows larger, it can’t expand, so it must shed its exoskeleton • Process called molting Pillbug molting its exoskeleton

  7. Molting The difference between a soft-shelled crab and a hard-shelled crab A horse-shoe crab. Adult cockroach

  8. CRUSTACEANS Fiddler Crab • CEPHLATHORAX and ABDOMEN • (2 BODY PARTS) • GILLS FOR BREATHING • HARD OUTER SHELL

  9. Crustacean Body Segments • Head and thorax combined • Cephlathorax • Then an abdomen

  10. ARACHNIDS • Head and Abdomen • Four pairs of legs • Breathe with organs called book lungs • SOME BUT NOT ALL BUILD WEBS

  11. Scorpion Tarantula Black Widow Tick

  12. CENTIPEDES • 2 body sections • Head with antennae • Long segmented abdomen • 100 LEGGER • ONE PAIR OF LEGS PER SEGMENT • LONG, FLAT BODIES • CARNIVORES

  13. MILLIPEDES • 2 body sections • Head with antennae • Abdomen with at least 80 segments • “1000 Legger” • Most of the body segments bear two pairs of legs. • Rounder bodies • Feed on decaying vegetable matter and are herbivores Will curl up to avoid predators.

  14. Insects • The Importance of Insects: • Pollination of flowers • Destroy harmful pests • Make silk fibers • Larva of the silkworm moth • Make food products • Bees make honey

  15. Insect Impact on Humans • Damage to major crops • Can carry diseases • Ex. – some mosquito species cause malaria Mosquito on Human Skin

  16. Why Insects are So Successful • Reproduce very quickly (short generation time) • Females produce many young • Ability to eat a variety of foods

  17. Why Insects are So Successful • Different species have become adapted to live in almost ANY environment • Ability to fly (can travel for food and mates) Mosquito in Flight

  18. Insect Body Structure • Insects have: Three body parts • HEAD, THORAX, ABDOMEN 3 pairs of legs attached to the thorax 1 pair of antennae attached to the head

  19. Insect Body Structure Simple and compound eyes Most insects have one or two pairs of wings attached at the thorax Many have tubes (spiracles) which allow oxygen to travel directly to the insect’s body cells

  20. Insect Metamorphosis • Gradual Metamorphosis: the egg hatches into a young insect that looks like the adult, only smaller • Ex. Grasshoppers, termites cockroaches and dragonflies • 3 stages – • 1.The egg • 2. hatches into a nymph • 3. the nymph molts several times growing into a larger nymph • 4. eventually becoming the adult.

  21. Insect Metamorphosis cont’d • Complete Metamorphosis: the young insect looks very different from the adult form • Ex. Butterflies, beetles, houseflies, and ants • 4 stages – • The egg hatches into a • larva, • the larva forms pupa, and • the pupa turns into an adult.

  22. Insect Examples Black Blister Beetle Thistle Caterpillar 17-year Cicada

  23. Insect Examples Moss Mantid Weaver Ants Robber Fly Catching a Bee for Dinner Tropical Cockroach

  24. TRILOBITES • ONCE THE LARGEST GROUP OF ARTHROPODS • EXTINCT.

  25. Arthropod Review

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