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Phylum Porifera

Dive into the realm of Porifera, known as the Sponges, with this comprehensive guide. Discover their anatomy, feeding habits, reproduction, and ecological roles. Watch exciting video clips and learn about sponge species such as the Giant Barrel Sponge and Elephant Ear Sponge. Explore how these unique organisms play a vital role in marine habitats and medical research. Unveil the mysteries of Porifera and their remarkable capabilities in this educational journey through the underwater world.

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Phylum Porifera

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  1. Phylum Porifera the Sponges

  2. Taxonomic Referencing • King Philip Came Over For Good Soup • (Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species)

  3. Tree of Life

  4. Tree of Life

  5. Tree of Life • Protozoans – Animals whose bodies consist of single cells • Metazoans - Animals whose bodies consist of many cells

  6. General Information • Kingdom : Animalia • Phylum : Porifera • Porifera = “pore bearer” Yellow barrel sponge Pink lumpy sponge

  7. Phylum Porifera

  8. General Information Size range: 1cm to 2m in diameter Giant Barrel sponges

  9. General Information • They are without organs, mouth, digestive system or nervous tissue

  10. Body Structure Ostia – small pores where water enters Oscullum – large hole through which water flows to deliver food, oxygen and carry away waste products

  11. Body Structure • Collar Cells – cells bearing flagella that maintain a steady current of water through the sponge • Amoebocytes – transport food to other cell layers

  12. Body Structure • Spicules – skeleton of the sponge, secreted by amebocyte cells; made of calcium carbonate or silica • Spongin – flexible protein, holds cells together

  13. Level of organization *Body composed of cells, not tissues Japanese Deep Sea Sponge

  14. Habitat -Both marine and freshwater -Both tropical and polar climates Purple Rope sponge Fresh-water Sponge

  15. Youtube Video • Wonderful World of Sea Sponges • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BW05vMziy2o

  16. Feeding -Sponges are heterotrophic; considered filter feeders. -Filter Feeder - organism which obtains nutrition by filtering small food particles from water

  17. Feeding Process 1. Water & food goes in via ostia 2. Choanocytes (collar cells) trap food 3. Amoebocytes transfer food to other cells 4. Water exits through oscullum

  18. Sponge Feeding • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7E1rq7zHLc&NR=1

  19. Respiration -Through diffusion

  20. Internal transport • Through diffusion

  21. Response • NONE ! • No nervous system Pipe organ sponge

  22. Locomotion Locomotion – movement or motility -Larvae are free-swimming, use cilia -Adults are sessile (do not move)

  23. Regeneration • Tremendous ability to repair and restore lost parts • Can also rebuild self if totally disintegrated

  24. Reproduction -Porifera have both sexual and asexual reproduction • Asexual - budding

  25. Reproduction 2. Sexual a. Most monoecious = hermaphrodites, both sexes in same organism • Egg & sperm produced • Self fertilization results in free-swimming larvae

  26. Reproduction 2. Sexual b. Some dioecious – have separate sexes • Egg OR sperm produced • Cross fertilization results in larvae • Larvae settles on sea floor to become adult

  27. Sponge Reproduction • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KOFFzXNYJG0&feature=related

  28. Ecological Roles • Create habitat for other organisms • B. Food source for some

  29. Sea Turtle Feeding on Sponge • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tl_gjeXKDps&feature=related

  30. Ecological Roles Home use: the bath sponge bathing, cleaning

  31. Ecological Roles Medical research - Sponges don’t get cancer. -Why not? Maybe we can use what keeps them from getting cancer to treat humans………..

  32. Azure Vase Sponge

  33. Giant Barrel Sponge

  34. Elephant Ear Sponge

  35. Yellow Vase Sponges

  36. Yellow Barrel Sponge

  37. Red Branch Sponge

  38. Red Beard Sponge

  39. Nipple Sponge

  40. SpongeBob Square Pants

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