Exploring Cell Structure and Function

1. Preview • Science Concepts • Math Skills • Using Science Graphics

2. 1. The discovery of cells is linked most directly with • A. the development of the microscope. • B. early investigations of causes of disease. • C. observations of large, unicellular organisms. • D. efforts to reproduce organisms in the laboratory.

3. 1. The discovery of cells is linked most directly with • A. the development of the microscope. • B. early investigations of causes of disease. • C. observations of large, unicellular organisms. • D. efforts to reproduce organisms in the laboratory.

4. 2. Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in that eukaryotic cells F. have a nucleus. G. lack organelles. H. lack ribosomes. J. have a cell wall.

5. 2. Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in that eukaryotic cells F. have a nucleus. G. lack organelles. H. lack ribosomes. J. have a cell wall.

6. 3. Which organelle produces proteins that are exported from the cell? A. nucleolus B. rough ER C. free ribosome D. bound ribosome

7. 3. Which organelle produces proteins that are exported from the cell? A. nucleolus B. rough ER C. free ribosome D. bound ribosome

8. 4. Which structure helps a plant stand upright? F. lysosome G. chloroplast H. central vacuole J. contractile vacuole

9. 4. Which structure helps a plant stand upright? F. lysosome G. chloroplast H. central vacuole J. contractile vacuole

10. 5. Ribosome : protein synthesis :: mitochondria : A. cell support B. energy release C. nutrient storage D. protein transport

11. 5. Ribosome : protein synthesis :: mitochondria : A. cell support B. energy release C. nutrient storage D. protein transport

12. 6. Tissues are composed of distinct types of F. cells. G. organs. H. organelles. J. cytoskeleton fibers.

13. 6. Tissues are composed of distinct types of F. cells. G. organs. H. organelles. J. cytoskeleton fibers.

14. 7. The process by which cells become specialized in form and function during development is called A. association. B. aggregation. C. coordination. D. differentiation.

15. 7. The process by which cells become specialized in form and function during development is called A. association. B. aggregation. C. coordination. D. differentiation.

16. 8. The Dutch scientist Anton van Leewenhoek used a microscope that made objects appear 300 times larger than they were. If a cell appeared to be 6 mm long under this microscope, how long was the cell in real life? F. 0.02 mm G. 0.20 mm H. 0.05 mm J. 0.50 mm

17. 8. The Dutch scientist Anton van Leewenhoek used a microscope that made objects appear 300 times larger than they were. If a cell appeared to be 6 mm long under this microscope, how long was the cell in real life? F. 0.02 mm G. 0.20 mm H. 0.05 mm J. 0.50 mm

18. Use the figure shown below to answer the next two questions. 9. What is Structure 1? A. pilum B. cilium C. flagellum D. mitochondrion

19. Use the figure shown below to answer the next two questions. 9. What is Structure 1? A. pilum B. cilium C. flagellum D. mitochondrion

20. Use the figure shown below to answer the next two questions. 10. What is the function of Structure 1? F. to make ATP G. to grab food H. to store energy J. to move the cell

21. Use the figure shown below to answer the next two questions. 10. What is the function of Structure 1? F. to make ATP G. to grab food H. to store energy J. to move the cell

22. The graph shows the amount of ATP in the muscles of a squid after it had been exposed to low oxygen concentrations. 11. At what time during the experiment were the mitochondria in the squid’s muscles producing the most energy? A. 0 minutes B. 15 minutes C. 30 minutes D. 45 minutes

23. The graph shows the amount of ATP in the muscles of a squid after it had been exposed to low oxygen concentrations. 11. At what time during the experiment were the mitochondria in the squid’s muscles producing the most energy? A. 0 minutes B. 15 minutes C. 30 minutes D. 45 minutes