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The anatomy of the periodic table

The anatomy of the periodic table. Get out your periodic tables Know where the following are on your periodic table (p.t) Group A Group B Metals Nonmetals Metalloids (Semimetals) Note - aluminum is not considered a metalloid. The anatomy of the periodic table.

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The anatomy of the periodic table

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  1. The anatomy of the periodic table • Get out your periodic tables • Know where the following are on your periodic table (p.t) • Group A • Group B • Metals • Nonmetals • Metalloids (Semimetals) • Note - aluminum is not considered a metalloid

  2. The anatomy of the periodic table • Know where the following are on your periodic table (p.t) continued • Transition metals • Inner transition metals • Alkali metals • Alkaline metals • Halogens • Noble gases

  3. Naming Molecular Compounds • Molecules are made up of nonmetals • Prefixes are used to represent numbers of atoms. See your text for prefixes • Binary compounds end in -ide • Examples • Name? - Cl2O8 and OF2 • Formula for? - dinitrogen tetroxide • Answers - dichlorine octoxide, oxygen difluoride, N2O4

  4. Naming Molecular Compounds • Your turn. Try these. • Name or write the formula for: • Boron trichloride • Dinitrogen tetrahydride • N2O5 PF5 S4N2 CCl4 SO3 H2O • Answers • BCl3 N2H4 dinitrogen pentoxide • Phosphorus pentafluoride • Tetrasulfur dinitride • Carbon tetrachloride Sulfur Trioxide • Dihydrogen Monoxide

  5. Take ten minutes and work a few problems on the “Naming covalent compounds” side of your worksheet.

  6. Ions • An atom that carries a charge • The charge on the ion is called the Oxidation state or Oxidation Number • Cation - positively charged atom • Metals form cations • CATions are PAWsitive • Anion - negatively charged atom • Nonmetals form anions

  7. Naming Cations Name the metal followed by the word ion • Example • Na - sodium - neutral element • Na1+- sodium ion - cation of the element • Another example: • Mg - magnesium Mg2+ - Magnesium ion

  8. Naming Anions • Ending changes are used for Anions • Elemental anions will end in -ide • Example • Cl2 - chlorine - neutral element • Cl1- - chloride - anion of the element • Another example • O2 - oxygen O2- Oxide

  9. Writing Formulas for Binary Ionic Compounds • The periodic table tells you the charge for group A (aka - the representative elements) • Group 1A - 1+ Group 2A - 2+ • Group 3A - 3+ Group 4 - depends • Group 5A - 3- Group 6A - 2- • Group 7A - 1- Group 8A or (0) - does not form ions

  10. Naming • Your turn: • Name or write the symbol for the following: • Aluminum Phosphide • Calcium Ion Iodine • Ga3+ Nitrogen • K Sulfide

  11. Naming Binary Ionic Compounds Name the metal then the nonmetal with the ending changing to -ide • The -ide tells the person it is a binary compound and the anion portion. • Examples: MgCl2 K2S • Magnesium Chloride Potassium Sulfide

  12. Writing Formulas for Binary Ionic Compounds • All compounds are electrically neutral • To write the formula, figure out how many cations and anions are needed so that the number of positives and negatives are equal. Find the least common multiple to figure out the total number of +’s and -’s. Then divide by the charge to find out how many of each atom is needed! • If X1+ and Y2-, what would be the formula? • X2Y - Charges total 2 +’s and 2 -’s

  13. Writing Formulas for Binary Ionic Compounds • If X3+ and Y2-, what would be the formula? • X2Y3 - Charges total 6 +’s and 6 -’s • Find the formula for the following pairs of ions: • Na1+ , P3- Sr2+ , N3- • Answers: Na3P Sr3N2

  14. Now: • Finish side 1 of worksheet • Work sections 1 - 4 on back of worksheet • Work homework problems

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