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Naming Ions

Naming Ions. 9.1. A rose is rosa in Spanish, warda in Arabic, and julab in Hindi. To truly understand another culture, you must first learn the language used in that culture. Similarly, to understand chemistry, you must learn its language. For this you need to know how to name ions. 9.1.

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Naming Ions

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  1. Naming Ions 9.1 • A rose is rosa in Spanish, warda in Arabic, and julab in Hindi. To truly understand another culture, you must first learn the language used in that culture. Similarly, to understand chemistry, you must learn its language. For this you need to know how to name ions.

  2. 9.1 Monatomic Ions • Monatomic Ions • How are the charges of Group A metal and nonmetal ions related to their positions in the periodic table? • Monatomic ions consist of a single atom with a positive or negative charge resulting from the loss or gain of one or more valence electrons, respectively.

  3. 9.1 Monatomic Ions • Cations • When the metals in Groups 1, 2, and 13 lose electrons, they form cations with positive charges equal to their group number. • The names of the cations of the Group 1, Group 2, and Group 13 metals are the same as the name of the metal, followed by the word ion or cation.

  4. 9.1 Monatomic Ions

  5. 9.1 Monatomic Ions • Ions of Transition Metals • How are the charges of some transition metal ions determined? • The charges of the cations of many transition metal ions must be determined from the number of electrons lost.

  6. 9.1 Monatomic Ions • These colorful solutions contain the transition metal ions Co3+, Cr3+, Fe3+, Ni2+, and Mn2+.

  7. 9.1 Monatomic Ions • Many transition metal compounds are colored and can be used as pigments.

  8. 9.1 Monatomic Ions • Two methods are used to name the ions of transition metals. • The Stock system (this is the one we will use) • The classical method

  9. 9.1 Monatomic Ions • In the Stock system, a Roman numeral in parentheses is placed after the name of the element to indicate the numerical value of the charge. • In an older less, useful method, the classical name of the element is used to form the root name for the element.

  10. 9.1 Monatomic Ions

  11. for Conceptual Problem 9.1 Practice Problems For Conceptual Problem 9.1 Problem-Solving 9.1 Solve Problem 1 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.

  12. 9.1 Polyatomic Ions • Polyatomic Ions • What are the two endings of the names of most polyatomic ions? • (Hint: use Table E)

  13. 9.1 Polyatomic Ions • These models show the structures of four common polyatomic ions.

  14. 9.1 Polyatomic Ions • Some ions, called polyatomic ions, are composed of more than one atom. • The names of most polyatomic anions end in -ite or -ate.

  15. 9.1 Polyatomic Ions • Names and Formulas of Some Common Polyatomic Ions (see first page of regents reference tables)

  16. 9.1 Polyatomic Ions • Sodium hydrogen carbonate can relieve an upset stomach.

  17. 9.1 Polyatomic Ions • HCO3–, HPO42–, and H2PO4– ions in your blood are critical for your health.

  18. 9.1 Polyatomic Ions • Fertilizers contain HPO42– and H2PO4– ions.

  19. 9.1 Section Quiz. • 9.1.

  20. 9.1 Section Quiz • 2. Which of the following are positively charged polyatomic ions? • (I) ammonium ion • (II) perchlorate ion • (III) ferric ion = Fe(III) ion • I only • II only • III only • I and III

  21. 9.1 Section Quiz • 3. If the name of an ion ends in -ite or -ate, the ion is a • polyatomic cation. • polyatomic anion. • transition metal cation. • monatomic anion.

  22. 9.2 Binary Ionic Compounds • Binary Ionic Compounds • How are the names of binary ionic compounds determined? • How do you write the formulas for binary ionic compounds?

  23. 9.2 Binary Ionic Compounds • These masks are made of an ionic compound with the common name gypsum. This name does not tell you anything about the chemical composition of the compound, though.

  24. 9.2 Binary Ionic Compounds • Naming Binary Ionic Compounds • A binary compound is composed of two elements and can be either ionic or molecular. • To name any binary ionic compound, place the cation name first, followed by the anion name.

  25. 9.2 Binary Ionic Compounds • Tin(II) sulfide, or SnF2,is added to toothpastes to prevent cavities.

  26. 9.2 Binary Ionic Compounds • Tin(IV) sulfide, or SnS2, is used in glazes for porcelain fixtures and dishes.

  27. 9.2 Binary Ionic Compounds • Hematite, a common ore of iron, contains iron (III) oxide. The balanced formula is Fe2O3.

  28. 9.2 Binary Ionic Compounds • Writing Formulas for Binary Ionic Compounds • Write the symbol of the cation and then the anion. Add whatever subscripts are needed to balance the charges.

  29. Conceptual Problem 9.2 9.2

  30. Conceptual Problem 9.2 9.2

  31. Conceptual Problem 9.2 9.2

  32. Sample Problems For Conceptual Problem 9.2 for Conceptual Problem 9.2 Problem Solving 9.11 Solve Problem 11 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.

  33. 9.2 Compounds With Polyatomic Ions • Compounds with Polyatomic Ions • How do you write the formulas and names of compounds containing polyatomic ions? • Write the symbol for the cation followed by the formula for the polyatomic ion and balance the charges.

  34. 9.2 Compounds With Polyatomic Ions • For example, calcium nitrate is composed of a calcium cation (Ca2+) and a polyatomic nitrate anion (NO3–). • In calcium nitrate, two nitrate anions, each with a 1– charge, are needed to balance the 2+ charge of each calcium cation. The formula for calcium nitrate is Ca(NO3)2.

  35. 9.2 Compounds With Polyatomic Ions • Oysters produce calcium carbonate to form their shells and sometimes pearls.

  36. 9.2 Compounds With Polyatomic Ions • Lead(II)sulfate is an important component of an automobile battery.

  37. Conceptual Problem 9.3 9.3

  38. Conceptual Problem 9.3 9.3

  39. Conceptual Problem 9.3 9.3

  40. Practice Problems For Conceptual Problem 9.3 for Conceptual Problem 9.3 Problem-Solving 9.12 Solve Problem 12 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.

  41. 9.2 Compounds With Polyatomic Ions • Naming Compounds with Polyatomic Ions • To name a compound containing a polyatomic ion, state the cation first and then the anion, just as you did in naming binary ionic compounds.

  42. 9.2 Compounds With Polyatomic Ions • Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is used as a disinfectant for swimming pools. The metallic cation in this compound is sodium (Na+) so the polyatomic ion must be ClO–.

  43. 9.2 section Quiz. • Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section 9.2.

  44. 9.2 Section Quiz • 1. The correct name for CrCl3 is • chromium chlorine. • chromium(III) chloride. • monochromium trichloride. • chromium(III) trichloride.

  45. 9.2 Section Quiz • 2. What is the correct formula for strontium nitride? • Sr3N2 • SrN2 • Sr2N3 • Sr3N

  46. 9.2 Section Quiz • 3. Which one of the following compounds is named correctly? • sodium chlorite, NaClO • potassium nitrate, KNO2 • sodium acetate, NaC2H3O2 • lithium sulfate, Li2SO3

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