Chapter 20 The Jazz Age

1. Chapter 20The Jazz Age Section 3 African American Culture

2. The Harlem Renaissance • The Great Migration occurred when hundreds of thousands of African Americans from the rural South headed to industrial cities in the North. • In large northern cities, particularly Harlem, A.A. created environments that stimulated artistic development, racial pride, sense of community, and political organization. • This became known as the Harlem Renaissance

3. Claude McKay – first important writer of the H.R. Work expressed defiance and contempt of racism. The Writers

4. Langston Hughes – leading voice of the A.A. experience in the U.S. The Writers

5. Zora Neale Hurston – her works influenced contemporary writers of today. Jonah’s Gourd Vine Their Eyes Were Watching God The Writers

6. Louis Armstrong – introduced jazz, a style of music influenced by Dixieland music and ragtime. 1st great cornet and trumpet soloist in jazz music. Jazz, Blues, & Theater

7. Duke Ellington – Created his own sound, a blend of improvisation and orchestration using different combinations of instruments. Jazz, Blues, & Theater

8. Cotton Club is where many musicians got their start. Jazz, Blues, & Theater

9. Bessie Smith – sang about unrequited love, poverty, and oppression, which were classic themes in blues style music. Evolved from A.A. spirituals. Jazz, Blues, & Theater

10. Paul Robeson – singer & actor, often appeared at the Apollo in Harlem. Fame eventually even spread to Europe. Jazz, Blues, & Theater

11. Josephine Baker – most daring performer of the era Danced on Broadway, but went to Paris in 1925, and became an international star. Jazz, Blues, & Theater

12. African American Politics • The Great Migration led to A.A. becoming powerful voting blocks, which influenced election outcomes in the North.

13. African American Politics • Oscar DePriest – elected as the 1st A.A. representative in Congress from a Northern state after A.A. voted as a block.

14. NAACP • The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People battled against segregation and discrimination. • Led efforts to the passage of anti-lynching legislation. • The House passed the legislation, but the Senate defeated the bill.

15. Black Nationalism • Jamaican black leader Marcus Garvey’s idea of “Negro Nationalism” glorified black culture and traditions. • He founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), which promoted black pride and unity.

16. Encouraged education to gain economic & political power; but he also voiced the need for separation and independence from whites. Marcus Garvey

17. Marcus Garvey • His plan was to create a settlement in Liberia in Africa for A.A. caused the middle class A.A. to distance themselves from Garvey. • His ideas led to a sense of pride and hope in A.A. that resurfaced during the civil rights movement in the 1960s.

18. End of Chapter 20 Next: Test