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Proteins

Proteins. Proteins:. Multipurpose molecules. H | —C— |. H. amino acid. amino acid. amino acid. amino acid. amino acid. –. –. –. –. C—OH. — N —. O. ||. H. Proteins. Building block =. amino acids. 20 different amino acids used in the body. There’s 20 of us…

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Proteins

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  1. Proteins

  2. Proteins: Multipurpose molecules

  3. H | —C— | H amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid – – – – C—OH —N— O || H Proteins • Building block = amino acids • 20 different amino acids used in the body There’s20 of us… like 20 differentletters in analphabet!Can make lots of differentwords variable group

  4. Proteins • Function: • many, many functions • hormones • signals from one body system to another • insulin • movement • muscle • immune system • protect against germs • enzymes • help chemical reactions

  5. insulin pepsin collagen (skin) Proteins Examples • Muscle • Repair and rebuild cells • Skin, hair, fingernails, claws • collagen, keratin • Pepsin • digestive enzyme in stomach • Insulin • hormone that controls blood sugar levels

  6. amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid Amino acid chains • Proteins • amino acids chained into a polymer called a polypeptide • Each amino acid is different • some “like” water & dissolve in it • some “hate” water & separate from it

  7. Water-hating amino acids • Hydrophobic • “water hating” amino acids • try to get away from water in cell • the protein folds

  8. Water-loving amino acids • Hydrophillic • “water loving” amino acids • try to stay in water in cell • the protein folds

  9. Just 1out of 146amino acids! Sickle cell anemia I’mhydrophilic! But I’mhydrophobic!

  10. Protein Formation: • Amino acids link up to form long chains called polypeptides • Polypeptide chains twist or spiral • The spiraled chain then folds • The protein forms its final shape

  11. collagen For proteins: SHAPE matters! • Proteins fold & twist into 3-D shape • that’s what happens in the cell! • Different shapes = different jobs growthhormone hemoglobin pepsin

  12. It’s SHAPE that matters! • Proteins do their jobs, because of their shape • Unfolding a protein destroys its shape • wrong shape = can’t do its job • unfolding of proteins = “denature” • temperature • pH (acidity) • salinity unfolded“denatured” With protein, it’s not the size, but the SHAPEthat matters! folded

  13. Quick review: With a partner • What is denaturing? • What is the role of hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids in protein formation? • List at least 4 protein functions.

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