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GENERAL ARTHROLOGY

GENERAL ARTHROLOGY. Synarthrotic Joints. No joint capsule and no movement between adjacent bones Suture Dense Fibrous CT Gomphosis Fibrous Peridontal Ligaments Synchondrosis – Hyaline Cartilage Epiphyseal Line (plate) Synostosis – Bony Joints (Fused). Types of Sutures. synchodroses.

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GENERAL ARTHROLOGY

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  1. GENERAL ARTHROLOGY

  2. Synarthrotic Joints • No joint capsule and no movement between adjacent bones • Suture • Dense Fibrous CT • Gomphosis • Fibrous Peridontal Ligaments • Synchondrosis – Hyaline Cartilage • Epiphyseal Line (plate) • Synostosis – Bony Joints (Fused)

  3. Types of Sutures

  4. synchodroses

  5. SYMPHSIS

  6. Synovial Joint pg 215

  7. SYNOVIAL JOINT PERIOSTEUM LIGAMENT JT CAVITY FIBROUS CAPSULE SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

  8. BALL AND SOCKET

  9. Knee Joint • Much more complex than elbow • Much less stable than other hinge joints • Some gliding and rotation • structurally 3 separate joints • No single joint capsule

  10. pg 225 Joint Shapes • Saddle: articular surface both concave + convex • side-to-side, back-forth movement • (eg) carpometacarpal jt of thumb • Ball + Socket: spherical head + round socket • multiaxial movement • (eg) shoulder, femur

  11. Bursae & Tendon Sheaths • Bursae: flat, fibrous sac w/synovial membrane lining • Tendon Sheaths: elongated bursae that wraps around tendons • 3 Factors in Joint Stability: • Muscle Tone • Ligaments • Fit of Articular Surface pg 219

  12. pg 224 Joint Shapes • Hinge: cylindrical end of 1 bone fits into trough shape of other • angular movement-1 plane (eg) elbow, ankle, interphalangal • Plane: articular surface in flat plane • Short gliding movement • (eg) intertarsal, articular processes of vertebrae

  13. pg 225 Joint Shapes • Condyloid: egg-shape articular surface + oval concavity • side-to-side, back+forth movement • (eg) metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) • Pivot: round end fits into ring of bone + ligament • rotation on long axis • (eg) prox. radius/ulna, atlas/dens

  14. Representative Articulations Temporomandibular Joint Mostly hinge joint, some gliding and rotation Articular disc

  15. Special Movements супінація і пронація Протракція (висування) Ретракція (засування)

  16. BURSAE AND TENDON SHEATHS CORACOACRMIAL LIGAMENT SUBACROMIAL BURSA TENDON SHEATH

  17. BIAXIAL JOINT(CONDYLOID/ SADDLE JOINT)

  18. ELBOW JOINT BICEPS TENDON TROCHLEA SYNOVIAL CAVITY BURSA

  19. MUTIAXIAL JOINTS(HIP JOINT)BALL AND SOCKET

  20. MOVEMENTS AT SYNOVIAL JOINTS(FLEXION/EXTENSION)

  21. FLEXION/EXTENSION VETEBRAL COLUMN

  22. FLEXION EXTESION LIMBS

  23. ADDUCTION/ABDUCTION/CIRCUMDUCTION

  24. INVERSION/EVERSION

  25. Tendon Sheaths and Bursae • Bursa is saclike extension of joint capsule that extends between nearby structures allowing them to slide more easily past each other • Tendon sheaths are elongated cylinders of connective tissue lined with synovial membrane & wrapped around a tendon • numerous in hand and foot

  26. Total Knee Replacement

  27. Lab 12: ArticulationsLab 6: Cartilage Connective Tissue

  28. TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS • 1. PLANE JOINTS-ARTICULAR SURFACES ARE PLNE AND ALLOW ONLY GLIDING MOVEMENTS • 2. HINGE JOINTS-CYLINDRICAL SURFACE OF ONE JOINT FITS IN THE TROUGH SHAPE OF THE OTHER. ALLOW MOVEMENT AROUND 1 AXIS • 3. PIVOT JOINTS- THE ROUNDED END OF ONE BONE FORMS INTO A RING FORMED BY THE OTHER BONE PLUS A LIGAMENT.MOVEMENT OCCURS IN 1 AXIS • 4. CONDYLOID- THE EGG SHAPED SURFACE OF ONE BONE FITS INTO THE CONCAVE SURFACE OF THE OTHER .ALLOW MOVEMENT IN 2 AXIS • 5.SADDLE-ARTICULAR SURFACES IF BOTH BONES ARE CONCAVE AND CONVEX( SADDLE) BIAXIAL JOINT. • 6. BALL AND SOCKET-SPHERICAL HEAD OF ONE BONE FITS INTO THE SOCKET OF THE OTHER. MUTIAXIAL JOINT

  29. DEFINITION- ARTHROLOGY IS THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF JOINTS , AND ARTICULATIONS. • SITE WHERE RIGID ELEMEMTS OF THE SKELETON MEET ARE CALLED ARTICULATIONS. CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS: • CLASSIFICATION BASED ON FUNCTION: • CLASSIFICATION BASED ON STRUCTURE

  30. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON FUNCTION • SYNARTHROSES-IMMOVABLE JOINTS (sutures) • AMPHIARTHROSES- SLIGHTLY MOVABLE JOINTS( FIBROUS CONNECTION)( intervetebral discs) • DIARTHROSES-FREELY MOVABLE JOINTS( SYNOVIAL) • SYNARTHROSES AND AMPHIARTHROSES ARE LARGELY RESTRICTED TO THE AXIAL SKELETON • DIARTHROSES PREDOMINATE IN THE LIMBS

  31. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON STRUCTURE • BASED ON THE MATERIAL THAT BINDS THE BONES TOGETHER, AND ON THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF JOINT CAVITY. • FIBROUS JOINTS • CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS • SYNOVIAL JOINTS FIBROUS JOINTS- -BONES CONNECTED BY FIBROUS TISSUE -no joint cavity • Sutures • Syndesmoses • Gomphoses

  32. CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS- • THE BONES ARE UNITED BY CARTILAGE • THERE IS NO JOINT CAVITY • Synchondrosis( hyaline cartilage unites the bones) • Symphyses( fibrocartilage unites the bones) SYNOVIAL JOINTS- -MOST MOVABLE JOINTS IN THE BODY -THERE IS A JOINT CAVITY.( SYNOVIAL CAVITY, SYNOVIAL FLUID) -ARTICULAR CARTILAGE( COVERS THE ENDS OF THE OPPOSING BONES) -ARTICULAR CAPSULE( IT ENCLSES THE JOINT CAVITY.2 LAYERED) -REINFORCING LIGAMENTS -BURSAE -MOVEMENT VS STABILITY

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