170 likes | 235 Views
Explore the connection between bones, synarthroses, diarthroses, syndesmosis, synchondrosis, and synostosis in this comprehensive guide by Dr. Anna L. Kiss from Semmelweis Egyetem. Learn about joint structures, types, movements, and general myology, including muscle composition and function. Gain insight into the layers of joint capsules, accessory structures like disks and bursas, and different types of joints, such as plane joints and multiaxial joints. Enhance your knowledge of muscle structure, tendons, and various muscle shapes and arrangements.
E N D
General arthrology and myology Dr. Anna L. Kiss Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology Semmelweis Egyetem, 2019.
Connectionbetweenbones: • continuous (synarthrosis) • discontinuous (diarthrosis, joint,articulatio)
SYNARTHROSES • Syndesmosis (connective tissue) • ligaments, membranes, sutures, gomphosis • Synchondrosis (cartilage, hyalin or fibrous) • intervertebral disks, cartilage between skull bones (sphenopetrosal synchondrosis) • Synostosis (ossification) • hipbone, sacrum, sphenooccipital synostosis
Diarthrosis, joints articulation • General structure: • bony surfaces • cartilage:hyalin or fibrous • capsule • cavity • ligaments
Structure of thecapsule Twolayers: internal (inner): synovialmembrana: rich in bloodvessels and nervefibers, secretoryfunction outer: fibrousmembrana: connetivetissuefibers synova
Accessory structures: • disks, • menisci • bursas, • cartilageous labrum • musculi articulares
Types of thejoints • Plane joints: • allows only a limited movement, sliding • between two flat surfaces • Joints with regular surfaces: (convex and concave bony surfaces) • uniaxial (ginglymus, trochoid or pivot) • biaxial (ellipsoid, sellar or saddle) • multiaxial (spheroid or cotyloid, ball-and- socket or condylar)
uniaxial (ginglymus, trochoid or pivot) • biaxial (ellipsoid, saddle or sellar) • multiaxial (ball-and-socket) saddle trochoid or pivot ball-and-socket ginglymus or hinge combined: trochoginglymus
Movements of thejoints • normalposition • middleposition • Uniaxial: flexion-extension • pronation-supination • Biaxial: abduction-adduction • flexion-extension • opposition-reposition • Multiaxial: rotatio, • abduction-adduction • flexion-extension
General myology Musculature: actívecomponent of themovement Structure: striatedmuscle (skeletal) tendons: denseconnectivetissue connectivetissuesheath: fascia (epimysium)
proximal end: origin belly tendon distal end: insertion
Structure of thetendon tendon sheath a.) outer, fibrous layer b.) inner, synovial layer mesotendon
Muscle • shape: spindle, triangular, quadrangular, flat • venter (belly), caput (head), tendineous intersection, aponeurosis, • unipennatus, bipennatus,
biceps spindle unipennate bipennate