anthrax

1. anthrax

2. Definition : • Anthrax is an acute disease caused by the batcrium bacillus anthraces . • Most forms of the disease are lethal and it affects mostly animals .

3. cause

4. Common routes of anthrax infection: • There ara 4 common routees: • 1. cutaneous : enters animal body through a cut on skin • 2. gastrointestinal : by eating undercooked meat from an infected animal • 3. inhalation:while btreath in anthrax spores .most deadly way to contract the disease • 4. injection : it is contracted through injecting illegal drugs.

6. Pathogenesis

8. Lesions: • A necropsy should not be performed on any animal suspected of having died from anthrax; spores will be formed when the carcass is opened and will persist at the site. Necropsy also will expose humans to anthrax.

9. Microscopica features: • . In the lungs of some cases, aggregates of bacilli appeared to obstruct capillaries and veinules. In the brain, bacilli often surrounded blood vessels,l. Bacilli were often observed at the highest concentration in the middle of lesions progressively diminishing in concentration toward the periphery, but high-pressure hemorrhage disrupted such central concentrations.

11. Gross photograph of hemorrhagic lymphadenitis mediastinitis and lungs of fatal inhalational anthrax patient.

12. Photomicrograph of lymphocytolysis (and low-pressure hemorrhage) in mediastinal lymph node of patient succumbing to fatal inhalational anthrax. Hematoxylin and eosin staining; 200 .

13. Photomicrograph of B. anthracis filling Virchow-Robin space in cerebral cortex. Brown-Hopps staining; 200 .

14. Gross photograph of hemorrhagic encephalitis in case of fatal inhalational anthrax.

15. Gross photograph of hemorrhagic meningitis in situ in a case of fatal inhalational anthrax.