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CHAPTER 1 : RESPIRATION

CHAPTER 1 : RESPIRATION. 1.1 : The Human Breathing Mechanism 1 .2 : Transport of Oxygen 1 .3 : Cell Respiration 1 .4 : Importance of a Healthy Respiratory System. 1 .1 : Human Breathing Mechanism. Structure of the Human Respiratory System.

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CHAPTER 1 : RESPIRATION

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  1. CHAPTER 1 : RESPIRATION 1.1 : The Human Breathing Mechanism 1.2 : Transport of Oxygen 1.3 : Cell Respiration 1.4 : Importance of a Healthy Respiratory System

  2. 1.1 : Human Breathing Mechanism Structure of the Human Respiratory System

  3. 1.1 : Human Breathing Mechanism Structure of the Human Respiratory System Bronchioles : • Fine air tubes; • Ends in cluster of air sacs (alveoli) Alveoli : • Surrounded by blood capillaries Nose : • Always moist with fine hairs to filter the air Trachea : • Strong muscular tube; has rings of cartilage Bronchi : • Each bronchus branches into bronchioles

  4. 1.1 : Human Breathing Mechanism Structure of the Human Respiratory System Rib muscles : • Called intercostal muscles – contract / relax and caused the ribs move upwards / downwards • Causes thoracic cavity (chest cavity) to expand or contract allowing breathing in & out Ribs : • Works together with breastbone (sternum) to protect the lungs Diaphragms : • Large sheet of muscle that can contract and or relax

  5. 1.1 : Human Breathing Mechanism Breathing and Respiration • Normally we breathe from 15 – 20 times per minute • Rate of breathing increases during active work / exercise Breathing : • Mechanical process which alternately draws & expels air into & out of the lungs Respiration : • Chemical process that takes place in the cells of the body • Aka internal or cell respiration

  6. 1.1 : Human Breathing Mechanism The Breathing Mechanism Inhalation : • Breathing in air Exhalation : • Breathing out air Pathway of inhalation : • Nose – trachea – bronchi – bronchioles – alveoli Passing through the nose, the air is : • filtered; • Warmed to body temperature • Moistened by mucus

  7. 1.1 : Human Breathing Mechanism The Breathing Mechanism Inhalation : • External intercostal muscles contract • Ribs are raised & the chest moves forwards • Diaphragm muscles contract, is lowered & flattened • Thoracic cavity expands • Air pressure in the thoracic cavity decreases • Air is rushed into the lungs

  8. 1.1 : Human Breathing Mechanism The Breathing Mechanism Exhalation : • External intercostal muscles relax • Ribs are lowered & the chest moves inwards • Diaphragm muscles relax & curves upwards • Thoracic cavity becomes smaller • Air is forced out from the lungs.

  9. 1.1 : Human Breathing Mechanism Model to show the Action of the Diaphragm

  10. 1.1 : Human Breathing Mechanism Model to show the Action of the Diaphram INHALATION • When the sheet of rubber (diaphragm) is pulled down, the volume in the bell jar (thoracic cavity) increases • Air pressure in the bell jar (thoracic cavity) decreases • Air from outside rushes into the balloons (lungs) via the Y-tube (trachea & bronchi) • Balloons expand as filled with fresh air EXHALATION • When the sheet of rubber (diaphragm) is pushed upwards, the volume in the bell jar (thoracic cavity) decreases • Air pressure in the bell jar (thoracic cavity) & in the balloons (lungs) increases • Air is forced out through the Y-tube (bronchi & trachea)

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