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Common Water Measurement

Common Water Measurement. What components of a water environment can we change to increase or decrease the number of organisms that can exist in it ?. Temperature pH Specific conductance/Total Dissolved Solids Hardness/Mineral Content Turbidity/Suspended Sediment Salinity/Buoyancy

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Common Water Measurement

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  1. Common Water Measurement What components of a water environment can we change to increase or decrease the number of organisms that can exist in it? • Temperature • pH • Specific conductance/Total Dissolved Solids • Hardness/Mineral Content • Turbidity/Suspended Sediment • Salinity/Buoyancy • Dissolved Gasses: Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen • Plant Nutrients: Oxygen Cycle; Carbon Cycle; Nitrogen Cycle; Phosphorus • Bacteria

  2. CWM Objectives: • The student should be able to: • Explain what specific conductance is and what factors influence • Understand what TDS means and why we study it • Compare mineral content to water hardness, and analyze water hardness effect on detergent performance (lathering) • Explain how suspended solids relate to turbidity

  3. My understanding: 1=No 5=Yes

  4. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) • TDS is a measure of the combined content of all inorganic and organic substances contained in a liquid • Total dissolved solids are normally discussed only for freshwater systems, as salinity comprises some of the ions constituting the definition of TDS. • The principal application of TDS is in the study of water quality for streams, rivers and lakes • TDS is not generally considered a primary pollutant • it is not deemed to be associated with health effects • It is used as an indication of aesthetic characteristics of drinking water and as an aggregate indicator of the presence of a broad array of chemical contaminants.

  5. My understanding: 1=No 5=Yes

  6. Hardness can be quantified by instrumental analysis. • Reported in parts per million (ppm) or mass/volume (mg/L) • Usually measures only the total concentrations of calcium and magnesium, the two most prevalent divalent metal ions. • iron, aluminium, and manganese can also be present at elevated levels in some locations. • The presence of iron characteristically confers a brownish (rust-like) colour to the calcification, instead of white (the color of most of the other compounds). • A mixture of minerals dissolved in the water, together with the water's pH and temperature, that determines the behavior of the hardness • Descriptions of hardness correspond roughly with ranges of mineral concentrations: • Soft: • 0–60 mg/L • Moderately hard: • 61–120 mg/L • Hard: • 121–180 mg/L • Very hard: • ≥181 mg/L

  7. Water hardness varies throughout the United States.

  8. My understanding: 1=No 5=Yes

  9. My understanding: 1=No 5=Yes

  10. My understanding: 1=No 5=Yes

  11. Suspended sediments play a key role in shaping the characteristics of a body of water; triggering changes in morphology of an area. • As sedimentation and resuspension occur, particles are moved to different areas, altering the depths of waterbodies.

  12. My understanding: 1=No 5=Yes

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