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Rights Violations and Consolidation of Political Power III

Rights Violations and Consolidation of Political Power III. How is a relatively small number of elites able to create massive rights violations? What is the role of the bureaucratic machine and the 'commoner' in these abuses? . Recruitment. Material goods Non-material benefits

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Rights Violations and Consolidation of Political Power III

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  1. Rights Violations and Consolidation of Political Power III How is a relatively small number of elites able to create massive rights violations? What is the role of the bureaucratic machine and the 'commoner' in these abuses?

  2. Recruitment • Material goods • Non-material benefits • Use of prejudices and predispositions • Coercion

  3. The Case of the Ukrainian Peasants (II) • Hierarchy • Social fragmentation • Ideology/Propaganda • Personal vendettas • Threat of sanction - The question of culpability

  4. The Case of Rwanda (II) • Hierarchy • Social fragmentation • Ideology/Propaganda • Personal vendettas • Private goods • Gradual indoctrination • Threat of sanction

  5. Eichmann (self-portrayal) • Broken by the decision to murder • Driven by professional duty • Struggling to do good where possible

  6. Guatemala • Military forces (conscripted) and Special Forces (elitist) • Collective punishment • Complicity • Ideology • Advancement • Civil Patrols • Indoctrination • Force • Identity

  7. Chile’s Collaborators • Paid • Succumbed to torture or coercion • Presented selves as heroes • Victimization of perpetrators

  8. Low-Grade Collaborators: Passive Participation • "The overwhelming majority of shopkeepers never think about the slogans they put in their windows, nor do they use them to express real opinions… (The greengrocer) put them all into the windows simply because it has been done that way for years, because everyone does it, and because that is the way it has to be… It is one of the thousands of details that guarantee him a relatively tranquil life in ‘harmony with society,’ as they say."

  9. Alternatives: Barriers to Low-Level Resistance • Role of economic control • Miners versus steel workers • Revolution as a public good

  10. Revolution as a Public Good • Collective action problem • Preference falsification: the difference between publicly expressed and privately held views • Preference falsification increases the risk of latent bandwagon • Classic free rider problem (vicious circle)

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