1 / 67

The Evolution of Political Power: Absolutism vs. Constitutionalism

Explore the transition from absolute monarchy to constitutionalism in England during the 17th and 18th centuries, from King James I to the Glorious Revolution and beyond. Learn about power struggles between monarchs and parliamentarians.

arriola
Download Presentation

The Evolution of Political Power: Absolutism vs. Constitutionalism

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Chapter 8: The Consolidation of Political Power 1648-1740 Pages 110-116 Pages178-209

  2. In the 17th and 18th Centuries… Absolute Monarchy was established Challenges to Absolutism resulted in alternative political systems

  3. What is Absolutism? Absolutism: A form of government in which all power rests in the hands of a single monarch Divine Right: The idea in which the monarch believes they are responsible to no one but God Example: France

  4. What is Constitutionalism? Not a “written constitution” An Agreement that a ruler, like everyone else is subject to rule of law Laws are passed by a parliament Parliament & Monarch work together Parliament is summoned by King Example: England

  5. Constitutionalism in England • Political model: Constitutionalism (Parliamentary Monarchy) • Parliament was dominated by landowners & nobles • 17th & 18th century “Age of Aristocracy”

  6. Constitutionalism in England Power struggles between King & Parliament 17TH Century. 1. James I (1603-1625) 2. Charles I (1625-1649) English Civil War 1642-1649 3. Oliver Cromwell ‘s Puritan Republic (deviation from Monarchy (1649-1660) 4. Charles II (1660) 5. James II (1685-1688) 6. “Glorious Revolution” – William & Mary, 1689

  7. 1. James I (ruled:1603-1625) • Believed in the “Divine Right of Kings” • And Rarely called on Parliament

  8. King James I of England “ Kings are not only God’s lieutenants upon earth, and sit on God’s throne, but even by God himself they are called gods.” - King James I

  9. Charles I ( Ruled 1625-1649) • Son of James I - Became King 1625 • Raised taxes without Parliament’s permission • “Forced Loan” taximposed on English property owners • Imprisoned those who refused to pay

  10. Parliament’s Response 1628: • Petition of Right: • 1. No forced loans –”without consent by act of Parliament” • 2. No imprisonment w/o due cause • 3. No quartering of troops in private homes

  11. King Charles I • Agreed to the Petition of Right • But then dissolved the Parliament in 1629!!!

  12. The Short Parliament, 1640 • King Charles I was forced to call on Parliament in 1640 (April – May) • Because he Needed $ for war against Scotland

  13. Parliament • Refused to give/approve funds until King Charles I addressed a long list of grievances • As a result… • King Charles I dissolved Parliament again!

  14. Long Parliament (1640-1660) • Scots defeated English in war (summer 1640) • King Charles I was forced to call on Parliament • How will members of Parliament react to the king?

  15. English Civil War Began When… (1642-1649) • Parliament overthrew King Charles I ! • King’s Supporters= Cavaliers • Parliamentary Opposition= roundheads

  16. Parliament Was Victorious • 1. Formed an Alliance w/ Scotland to overthrow King Charles I ! • 2. Oliver Cromwell led the Parliament army

  17. Charles I Was Defeated and Executed in 1649! • 1649-1660 England became : • A Puritan Republic • <- Oliver Cromwell emerged as political ruler / new military dictator • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zUC1pqepl7I

  18. Oliver Cromwell • Invaded Scotland & Ireland • Proclaimed himself “Lord Protector” • Supported by his army • And then he Disbanded Parliament!!

  19. Oliver Cromwell’s Strict Puritanical Moral Code: • Prohibited: • Dancing, gambling, theatre going, alcohol, sports, freedom of the press and ALL THINGS FUN • People disliked Cromwell’s strict, harsh, Puritanical rule 

  20. Oliver Cromwell died in 1658 • English people restored the monarchy • Charles II became King 1660 _ • His Father was Charles I

  21. King Charles II (ruled: 1660-1685) • “Stuart Restoration” • Leaned lessons from past Kings- don’t mess with Parliament! • Tolerant of religious groups, was Protestant

  22. The Popish Plot, 1678 • Titus Oates swore before a court… • That Jesuits were planning to kill King Charles II!! • And replace him with his Catholic Brother, James !

  23. Accusation A Lie, However… • 1. Stirred up anti-Catholic sentiments • 2. Parliament believed Oates • 3. Innocent people tried & executed for treason

  24. As A Result, • Catholics were banned from Parliament in1678 • Ironically, Charles II converted to Catholicism on his deathbed (1685)

  25. James II (R. 1685-1688) • Brother of Charles II • Unpopular monarch • 1. Catholic = controversial • Why? • 2. Absolute ruler

  26. Yes, 1980’s Rockers Recycled Men’s Fashions of the 1600’s

  27. James II Repealed the Test Act • Which required all civil & military officials of the crown to swear an oath against the doctrine of Transubstantiation

  28. Monarch vs. Parliament (again) • Parliament was upset, so… • James II dissolved Parliament!! • Appointed Catholics to high positions in court, army

  29. English People Fed Up With Political Instability • People wanted James II ‘s Protestant Daughter Mary to succeed him… • But then James II HAD A SON…

  30. The End of James II’S Reign • An army was sent to depose him… • James II forced to flee -to France • In 1689 Parliament Proclaimed • Mary II & William III King & Queen • “Glorious Revolution” – a bloodless event.

  31. William & Mary Established • Bill of Rights • 1. Limited powers of monarchy • 2. Guaranteed civil liberties for privileged • 3. Monarchs subject to law • 4. Monarchs would rule by consent of parliament • 5. Prohibited Catholics from occupying English Throne

  32. Absolutism in France • King had absolute power • Belief in theDivine Right of Kings

  33. Louis XIV of France • Became King of France 1643 • At age 5! • Mother Anne of Austria served as regent

  34. Anne of Austria Relied On… • Italian Cardinal Jules Mazarin to lead govt. • Until Louis was old enough to rule • Both seen as “outsiders” by the French

  35. In 1648 French Nobles • Protested rising taxes • Rebelled against the crown • Broke into 9 year old Louis’ bedroom! • Revolt = The Fronde • The FRONDE meant to limit the power of the monarch, not overthrow

  36. Louis XIV - 1661 • Became King (officially) at age 23 • Ruled through Councils • Favored “new nobles” • “new nobles” owed him the favor, and were loyal • Ruled for 72 years!

  37. “The Sun King”- Louis XIV • “L’etat Ces’t Moi!” • “I am the State” • Demonstrated his wealth, power, and authority • Devout Catholic • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W5Njjd6R6d0

  38. Versailles Palace • Louis XVI ‘s grand display of Kingship • Built between 1666-1708 • In Outskirts of Paris • King Louis XIV understood the impact of visual imagery & public image

  39. Versailles • Largest secular structure in Europe • Wanted to create the grandest, most luxurious Palace in all of Europe

  40. The History of the Palace of Versailles https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxIzMr2Ekpo

  41. Versailles Gardens

  42. Hall of Mirrors

  43. Inside Versailles

  44. Opulence & Luxury

  45. Political Control… • Versailles Housed thousands of Nobles • They paid “rent” to live at palace • Elaborate “court” etiquette evolved • “the place to be & be seen”

  46. Louis XIV Mini Bio https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W5Njjd6R6d0

  47. A Day at Court of Versailles… • 8:30am King awakens • 10:00am King leads procession to Mass • 11:00am Council Meeting • 1:00pm Dinner • 2:00pm Hunting or Promenade • 6:00pm Social Gathering • 10:00pm Supper • 11:30 King Retires

  48. King Louis XIV’s Economic Policies • Appointed Jean Baptiste Colbert as Controller General of Finances: • 1.Promoted silk & tapestry industry • 2. Areas free of internal tariff (tax)to enhance trade • 3.Expanded the military • 4.Improved roads/canals • 5. Supported French Trade in North America

  49. Religious Policies • Considered religious unity a necessity • “One King, One Faith, One Law” • Revoked the Edict of Nantes • Campaigned against Huguenots -Many left France • As a result , France lost skilled laborers, business leaders

  50. French Arts & Sciences • King Louis XIV Supported writers such as • 1. Racine = tragedies • 2. Moliere= comedies • Established academies • Employed artists, artisans, etc. during the construction of Versailles

More Related