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Blood

Blood. Erythrocytes (RBC), Leukocytes (WBC), Platelets, & Plasma. Blood. Function Transport nutrients, wastes, body heat, etc thru bv Components 55% Plasma – fluid matrix 45% Erythrocytes (rbc) – O 2 transport >1% Leukocytes (wbc) – protect body

sebastian-mathis
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Blood

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  1. Blood Erythrocytes (RBC), Leukocytes (WBC), Platelets, & Plasma

  2. Blood • Function • Transport nutrients, wastes, body heat, etc thru bv • Components • 55% Plasma – fluid matrix • 45% Erythrocytes (rbc) – O2 transport • >1% Leukocytes (wbc) – protect body • >1% Platelets – cell fragments used for clotting • Fun Facts • 4-6 liters of blood per person • 7% of body weight • Temp 38oC • pH between 7.35 – 7.45 • Salty-metallic taste • 5x thicker than water

  3. Blood Plasma • 90% water • Distributes body heat through out body • Contains dissolved nutrients, salts, resp. gases, hormones, plasma proteins, wastes, and products of cell metabolism • Plasma Proteins • Albumin – maintains osmotic pressure of blood • Clotting Proteins – prevents blood loss from injured bv • Antibodies – protect body from pathogens

  4. Erythrocytes (rbc) • Biconcave disc shape (large s.a. to volume) • Anucleate - lacks a nucleus • Lack cellular organelles including mitochondria (so do not use O2 themselves) • Hemoglobin (Hb) – Fe carries 4 molecules O2 • 1rbc carries 1 billion molecules O2 • Avg male 13-18g Hb/100ml blood • Avg female 12-16g Hb/100ml blood • Anemia – low rbc or low Hb • Polycythemia – high rbc (high alt or bone marrow cancer) • Last 120 days – broken down by liver and spleen

  5. Leukocytes (wbc) • Live days, months, or even years • About 4,000-11,000 wbc/mm3 blood • Can move in and out of bv • Respond to chems sent out from damaged cells • When in action – body doubles #wbc w/in hrs • Leukocytosis • >11,000 wbc indicates bacterial or viral infection • Leukopenia • Decrease in wbc • Typically due to corticosteroids or anticancer drugs • Leukemia • Cancer of bone marrow • Too many immature wbc to defend off pathogens

  6. Types of Leukocytes • Granulocytes – granule containing wbc w/lobed nuclei • Neutrophils – phagocytes at site of infection • Eosinophils – increases w/allergies and infections by parasitic worms • Basophils – histamine (chem incr. wbc to site) containing granules • Agranulocytes – lack cytolasmic granules • Lymphocytes – in lymphatic tissue (T cells and B cells) • Monocytes – largest wbc • Become macrophages when enter tissues • Fight off chronic infections

  7. Platelets & Hemostasis • Platelets – irregularly shaped, needed for clotting process • Hemostasis – local stoppage of blood flow • Platelet Plug Forms • Platelets become sticky and cling to damaged site • Release clotting factors to increase platelets to site to create plug • Vascular Spasms Occur • Serotonin is released to cause bv to spasm and narrow to decrease blood loss • Coagulation • Injured tissue releases “Tissue Factor” (TF) • TF combines with Ca+2, vitamin K, and PF3  prothrombin • Prothrombin converted to thrombin • Thrombin + fibrinogen  Fibrin • Fibrin traps rbc to start clot and pulls ruptured bv closer together

  8. Hematopoiesis – Blood Cell Formation • Hemocytoblast • stem cell in rbm takes 3-5 days to form rbc • Rbc divides and synthesizes Hb • Incr. Hb ejects nucleus and most organelles • Enters bloodstream • Rbc falls apart in 100-120 days • Eliminated by phagocytes, spleen, and liver • Erythropoietin • hormone controls rate of rbc production • Produced by kidneys and targets bone marrow • Thrombopoietin – increases production of platelets • Interleukins and colony stimulating factors • increase production of wbc from bone marrow • Released in response to inflam chems, bacteria, or toxins

  9. Blood Types & Transfusions • Phlebotomist – hs degree + training + exam • ABO Blood Groups • Based on 2 antigens A&B • Antibodies formed in infancy • Determined by anti-A, and anti-B serums • Rh Blood Groups • Once Rh- contacts Rh+ produces antibodies • Pregnant Rh- mom carrying Rh+ baby • RhoGAM prevents moms antibodies from attacking fetus • Hemolysis – rupture of rbc

  10. Fetal Hb vs. Adult Hb • By day 28 of fetal development – embryonic blood cells circulate in blood vessels • Fetal Hb (HbF) differs from adult HbA • HbF has a greater ability to pick up O2 b/c fetal blood less O2 rich than mothers • If fetal rbc destroyed so quick that liver cannot rid of bile fast enough  causes infant jaundice

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