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The Computer System

The Computer System. The computer is an automatic, electronic device that accepts data or input , which it stores and processes to give output or information What are the functions of the computer system?. Back to top. Types of Computers. Mainframe Mini Computers Super Computers

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The Computer System

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  1. The Computer System The computer is an automatic, electronic device that accepts data or input, which it stores and processes to give output or information What are the functions of the computer system?

  2. Back to top

  3. Types of Computers • Mainframe • Mini Computers • Super Computers • Micro Computers • Personal Computers • Embedded Computers • Laptops, notebooks, netbooks • Palmtop Computers • Tablet PC Back to top

  4. Mainframe Computer Back to Types of Computers

  5. Mini Computer Back to Types of Computers

  6. Supercomputer Back to Types of Computers

  7. Micro Computers Back to Types of Computers

  8. Functions of a Computer System INPUT PROCESSING OUTPUT STORAGE Back to top

  9. The Computer System - Again MEMORY CPU INPUT Control Unit (CU) Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU) OUTPUT Back to functions

  10. Input • The medium through which data is sent to the computer for processing. • Sources of Input • Data from Human users • Data from Machines Back to functions

  11. Input Devices • Keyboard/Keypad • Pointing Devices • Mouse • Trackball • Pointing Stick • Touchpad • **Joystick • Touch Terminal • Graphic Tablet • Light Pen Back to Input

  12. Input Back to Input

  13. Input Devices • Scanning Devices • Scanner • Flatbed, hand-held, Drum, Sheet-fed • Barcode Reader • Scanning Facilities • OCR • OMR • MICR Back to Input

  14. Scanners Back to Input

  15. Input Devices • Digital Still-Shot Camera • Digital Video Camera • Webcam • Smart Card • Biometric Systems • Remote Control • Sensors • Interactive Whiteboards Back to Input

  16. Other Input Devices

  17. Input Devices • Audio Input Devices • Microphone • RFID – Radio Frequency Identification • MIDI Back to Input

  18. Audio Input Devices

  19. Input Devices • Gaming Input • Joystick • Gaming pad • Gaming Wheel • Light gun • Dance Pad • Motion Sensing controllers Back to Input

  20. Gaming Input Devices

  21. Output • Output is the result of processing. It is the purpose you set out to achieve by using the computer. • Output Devices are pieces of equipment that are used to communicate output/information. • Types of Output • Soft copy • Hard Copy Back to functions

  22. Output Devices • VDU • Printers • Microfilm/Microfiche • Audio Output • Robot/Control Systems Back to Output

  23. VDU – Visual Display Unit • The Screen is made up of Pixels • Types • CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) • Flat Panel Display • LCD (Liquid Cristal Display) • Plasma Display • Monitor Characteristics • VDU Devices • Monitor • Multimedia Projector • LCD Panel Back to Output

  24. Monitors Back to Output

  25. Monitor Characteristics • Monitor Size • Display Resolution • VGA (640 X 480) – Video Graphics Array • SVGA(800 X 600) – Super Video Graphics Array • XGA/XVGA (1024 X 768) – Extended Video Graphics Array • SXGA (1280 X 1024) – Super Extended Graphics Array • UXGA (1600 X 1200) – Ultra Extended Graphics Array • QXGA (2048 X 1536) – Quad Extended Graphics Array Back to Output

  26. Monitor Characteristics • Image Aspect Ratio • Ratio width to height • Refresh Rate • Number of refresh times/second • Video or graphics card or adaptor • Links processor and monitor Back to Output

  27. Sound Output • Speakers • Headphones • Earphones / ear buds • Voice Response Systems • Speech Synthesis • Conversion of text to speech Back to Output

  28. Sound Output Devices

  29. Printers • Producer of Hardcopy output • Classification 1: • Character printers • Line Printers • Page Printers • Classification 2: • Impact Printers • Non-impact Printers Back to Output

  30. Impact Printers • Dot Matrix • Daisy Wheel • Drum, Chain or Band Printer • Braille Printer poster Back to Output

  31. Non – Impact Printers • Thermal • Laser • Inkjet Back to Output

  32. Other Printers • Mobile Printers • Multifunctional Printers • Plotters • Pen Plotters • Inkjet Plotters • Electrostatic Plotters Back to Output

  33. Microfiche/Microfilm (COM) • COM – Computer Output on Microfilm/Microfiche • Microfilm: Roll of film • Microfiche: Sheet of film Back to Output

  34. Robot and Control Systems • Processor to Robotic hardware produces physical action and is therefore a type of output. • Control Systems uses sensors as input and activates an item of hardware as a result of the input received Back to Output

  35. Storage • Media and Devices used to keep data and instructions available for immediate or later use. • Categories of Storage • Primary (Main Memory) • Secondary • Units of Storage Back to functions

  36. Primary Storage • Also called main memory • Memory chips (integrated circuit) is immediate access store and resides in the motherboard • RAM • Temporary and changeable (volatile) • Holds programs and data currently being used • Cache • High speed static RAM (SRAM) • Easier to access than primary memory • Speeds up processing Back to Storage

  37. Primary Storage • ROM • Chips holding instructions needed for starting up the computer • Non volatile (not easily modified) • Variations of ROM • PROM • EPROM • EEPROM Back to Storage

  38. Units of Storage – see pg 31 • Bit (Binary Digit) • Byte • Character • Word • Word length • Larger Units • Kilobyte • Megabyte • Gigabyte • Terabyte • Petabyte • Exabyte • Zettabyte • yottabyte Back to Storage

  39. Secondary Storage • Also known as auxiliary or backup storage, keeps data and information even while the computer is switched off • Classifications by technology • Magnetic • Optical • ROM • Classification by Access type • Serial Access • Direct Access Back to Storage

  40. Storage Media • Magnetic Tapes • Magnetic Disks • Floppy Disks • Hard Disks • Optical Disks • CD (ROM; R; RW) • DVD • Blu-Ray • Flash Memory Back to Storage

  41. Storage Media Pgs 32 - 37 • Magnetic Tapes • Includes microfilm • Magnetic Disks • Floppy Disks • Hard Disks • Access time; tracks, sectors, cylinders • Optical Disks • CD (ROM; R; RW) • DVD • Blu-Ray Back to Storage

  42. Storage Devices • Optical Disk Drive • Tape Drive • Connectivity • **USB Drive • FireWire • ` Back to Storage

  43. True / False CPU VDU Back to functions

  44. The CPU • Also known as the processor • Takes raw data and following instructions, converts it to information • Speed is measured in megahertz • Consists of the Control Unit and the Arithmetic Logic Unit CPU Control Unit (CU) Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU) Back to functions

  45. Control Unit • Directs and co-ordinates all activities within the CPU • Fetches instructions from memory • Decodes the instructions • Fetches required data • Sends data and instructions to ALU for processing • Sends data to main memory after processing

  46. Arithmetic Logic Unit • Performs ALL arithmetic and logical functions of the computer

  47. Label the following Back to Output

  48. Label the following Back to Input

  49. Label the following

  50. Label the following

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