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Quick quiz on sampling methods!

Quick quiz on sampling methods!. Name one advantage of volunteer sampling. A study took place in a street where passers-by were instructed to pick up litter by either a man in a security guard’s uniform, a man in a milkman’s uniform or a man in no uniform. Which sort of sampling did they use?.

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Quick quiz on sampling methods!

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  1. Quick quiz on sampling methods!

  2. Name one advantage of volunteer sampling

  3. A study took place in a street where passers-by were instructed to pick up litter by either a man in a security guard’s uniform, a man in a milkman’s uniform or a man in no uniform. Which sort of sampling did they use?

  4. Here is a famous advert asking for participants: Which type of sampling is it?

  5. Which sampling method attempts to give an equal representation?

  6. Which of these is random? A – a researcher selects every tenth person on a computer database (in alphabetical order) B – a researcher puts all the names of the people into a hat and pulls out 20

  7. Which sampling technique is biased as participants are likely to have a reason for wanting to do the expt?

  8. This is an example of which technique: Each participant is given a number and then participants are selected using a chance number generator.

  9. Give one advantage of using an opportunity sample.

  10. This type of sample ensures that every member of the target population has an equal chance of being picked

  11. You go to the common room and put up a notice asking for people to take part in a memory expt in the Library where you go and wait. What sort of sampling is this?

  12. Learning Objectives • To describe naturalistic observations and controlled observations • To describe the difference between participant and non-participant observation • To identify strengths and weaknesses of different observational techniques • To identify behavioural categories in given experiments

  13. Observational Research Natural vs. controlled: Natural: Here spontaneous behaviour is recorded in a natural setting. Controlled: behaviour is observed under controlled laboratory conditions Participant vs. non-participant: Participant observation is where observers become actively involved in the behaviour of those being studied – the real p’s may or may not be aware who the observer is. Non-participant observation is where researchers observe from a distance.

  14. What type of observation is this? • Rosenhan (1973) • Pretended to hear voices to be admitted to a mental hospital • Once admitted, he observed the behaviour of staff towards patients

  15. What type of observation is this? • Goodall (1960) • Observed Chimpanzees in the jungle and found that they use a grass stem as a tool for removing termites from a termite mound

  16. What type of observation is this? • Bandura (1961) • Bobo doll experiment – researchers observed children’s behaviour towards the doll through one-way glass

  17. What type of observation is this? • A research observes a participant on a treadmill and prevents them from drinking any water to see how their behaviour changes and how long they can exercise for

  18. Need to be able to evaluate controlled and natural observations

  19. Natural or Controlled? • High in ecological validity – real-life setting so can be generalised to other settings

  20. Natural or Controlled? • There is control over extraneous variables – more sure that the IV is causing the DV

  21. Natural or Controlled? • Little control over extraneous variables – not necessarily the IV causing the DV

  22. Natural or Controlled? • Low ecological validity - Observed behaviour may not be a true reflection of what occurs and may be down to participants behaving in a way they think the experimenter wants them to

  23. Behavioural Categories • Needed so that the observer can count the number of times a particular behaviour occurs • E.g. observing children's aggressive behaviour • Categories might be: • Angry shouting at another child • Provoked hitting of another child • Unprovoked hitting of another child

  24. Designing an observational study For the exam you need to know how to design behavioural categories for an observational study So we’re going to have a go!

  25. Let’s have a go… There will be a difference in the number of intimate behaviours between dates in the light and dates in the dark Behavioural categories? Condition 1: Date in the Light Condition 2: Date in the Dark

  26. Summary questions • What is a natural observation? • What is a controlled observation? • What is participant observation? • What is non-participant observation? • What do we mean by behavioural categories? • Give an example of a behaviour category when observing “sociability”

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