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Cell Function Review

Cell Function Review. What you should have learned last year!. All Living Things Are Made of Cells. Unicellular: organisms made of only one cell Protozoa, Ameba, Bacteria. Multicellular: Organisms made of more than one cell -Frogs, Trees, Flowers, & Us!. Plant Cells & Animal Cells.

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Cell Function Review

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  1. Cell Function Review What you should have learned last year!

  2. All Living Things Are Made of Cells • Unicellular: organisms made of only one cell • Protozoa, Ameba, Bacteria • Multicellular: Organisms made of more than • one cell • -Frogs, Trees, Flowers, & Us!

  3. Plant Cells & Animal Cells

  4. Organelles • Structures that perform cell functions • Endoplasmic Riticulum: transport • Ribosomes: protein • Golgi Bodies: manufacturing • Mitochondria: power house • Cell Membrane: protective covering Nucleus: Contains Genetic Material

  5. Cell Theory 1850’s • Every Living Thing is Made of One or More Cells • Cells Carry Out the Functions Needed to Support Life • Cells Come from Other Living Things

  6. Chapter 3.1: Cell Division;Pg.73 • “I CAN” • Explain How Genetic Material is Organized in Cells Vocabulary: DNA, Chromosomes, Mitosis

  7. I. What is Genetic Material? • DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid molecules • Information necessary for cell growth and functions • James Watson & Francis Crick; 1953 • Two Strand Chemical molecule resembles a twisted ladder • Called a double helix

  8. Four Base Pairs Do It All. Each bit of heredity Material (gene) is a series of Thousands or Millions of base pairs.

  9. II. What is a Gene? • Packet or sequence of specific DNA molecules • Instructions that determine what the organism is, what it looks like, how it functions. • Genes determine everything about you • Heredity information or what you inherit from your parents

  10. II. Chromosomes A. DNA “ladder” is organized, coiled and compacted into structures called chromosomes • Chromosomes are found in the cells nucleus • Humans have 23 chromosomes pairs (46) • Containing some 30,000 – 100,000 genes • (packets of information)

  11. Chromosome Formation animation

  12. B. Number of chromosomes is species specific - Humans 23 pairs 46 total -Half from mother & half from father - Donkey’s have 31 pairs - Hedgehog’s have 44 pairs - Fruit Flies have just 4 - Corn has 20 pairs

  13. A male?

  14. III. We All Start As A Single Cell • Mother’s Single Egg Cell (stem cells)Turns into Trillions • Many cells specialize, like skin or muscle • Cell Division is How An organism Grows

  15. B. Mitosis Cell Division • Each cell gets a full set of genetic information • Clone or an exact copy of itself • Skin cells make more skin cells

  16. Everything copies and divides

  17. Section 3.3; Pg. 88Asexual & Sexual Reproduction “I CAN” • Explain How Sexual and Asexual Reproduction (cell division) Compare • Describe advantages & disadvantages Vocabulary: Sexual Reproduction, Asexual Reproduction, Binary Fission, Regeneration

  18. Sexual Reproduction • Definition: The production of a new living organism by two parent organisms, with each parent contributing half of the genetic material of the offspring

  19. Asexual Reproduction • Definition: The production of a new living organism genetically identical to itself without the contribution of genetic material from male and female parents, (Cloning)

  20. Three Types • Binary Fission: Fission means to split. Makes two identical cells (mitosis) Bacteria reproducing

  21. Budding

  22. Regeneration

  23. Disadvantages • Asexual: • A negative mutation can affect survivability • Too many offspring compete for same resources • Unfavorable living conditions can wipe out colony Sexual: - Two parents required - Slower reproductive rates - More complex process than asexual

  24. Advantages • Asexual Reproduction: • Large numbers of individuals quickly • Energy is not required to find a mate • Species can withstand predation better • Sexual Reproduction: • -Genetic Diversity • -Natural Selection can occur • -Increase in ability of organism to adapt

  25. Genetic Diversity

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