The National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network’s Education and Outreach Programs – Understanding Size and Scale

1. The National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network’s Education and Outreach Programs – Understanding Size and Scale Nancy Healy NNIN Education Coordinator Georgia Institute of Technology SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

2. NNIN – 14 Universities • Serve as state-of the-art user facilities for nanoscale science and engineering researchers • Users conduct independent research Funded by the National Science Foundation Award ECS0335765 SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

3. NNIN Education & Outreach NNIN Education & Outreach Encouraging STEM Involvement Assisting Workforce Development SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

4. Why Nano Education?? • The NSF estimates that by the year 2015 there will be a need for 2 million workers worldwide in the fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology. • 0.8-0.9 million – US • 0.5-0.6 million – Japan • 0.3-0.4 million – EU • An additional 5 million workers will be needed in support areas for these fields • By 2015, nanotechnology is expected to be a $2.5 trillion“industry” SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

5. Who are We Reaching? Lego activity at the University of Michigan • K-12 Community • K-12 students • K-12 teachers • Undergraduates • Graduate Students, post-docs, faculty, and other professionals • General Public ASME Nano Boot Camp at the University of Minnesota NNIN programs reached > 27,000 individuals in 2011 Network-wide/national programs and local programs SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

6. Understanding Size and Scale • Nanoscale • 1-100nm in one direction • Differentiate • Macro, micro, nano, atomic SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

7. What is a nano? • A nano is one billionth of a meter or 10 -9 meters • A normal person can walk 32km or ~ 20 miles in one day. If a person were shrunk so that they were 1nm tall, how long would it take for them to walk the length of a dollar bill? • 24 years SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

8. How “big” is nano? • A fingernail grows 1nm every second • If you take a pen and put a dot on your hand it is about 1 million nm in diameter • A sheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick. • A human hair is 60,000 – 80,000 nm wide

9. The Big Ideas of Nanoscale Science and Engineering: A Guidebook for Secondary Teachers • Shawn Y. Stevens, LeeAnn M. Sutherland, and Joseph S. Krajick (NSTA Press, 2009) SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

10. Big Idea: Size and Scale • Factors relating to size and geometry (e.g. size, scale, shape, proportionality, dimensionality) help describe matter and predicts its behavior SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

11. Size and Scale and NSES • Standard B Physical Science (5-8) • Properties and changes of properties in matter • A substance has characteristic properties, such as density, a boiling point, and solubility, all of which are independent of the amount of the sample. A mixture of substances often can be separated into the original substances using one or more of the characteristic properties. (Comment on this standard: Properties have been shown to change as they approach the nanoscale where melting points, optical properties etc. change.) SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

12. Size and Scale and NSES • Standard B Physical Science (9-12) • Structure and properties of matter • The physical properties of compounds reflect the nature of interactions among its molecules. These interactions are determined by the structure of the molecule, including the constituent atoms and the distances and angles between them. SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

13. Size and Scale Learning Goal 1 • In order to know the size of an object, it is necessary to be able to compare it to a reference point SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

14. Worlds of Measurement http://nanosense.org/activities/sizematters/sizeandscale/SM_Lesson2Student.pdf SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

15. Size and Scale Sorting activity SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

16. Size and Scale Activity Sorting images on a logarithmic line SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

17. Answers SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

18. Size and Scale Interactivehttp://www.mcrel.org/nanoleap/multimedia/Nanosize_me.swf SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

19. Interactives for Size and Scale http://www.nanoreisen.de/english/index.html cneu.psu.edu/edToolsActivities.html The Scale of the Universe Powers of 10 http://www.cellsalive.com/howbig.htm http://scaleofuniverse.com/ SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

20. Size and Scale Learning Goal 2 • Some worlds are too small to be seen with the naked eye • Micro-, nano-, and atomic/molecular worlds. • Micro: single cells • Nano: 1-100nm i.e. diameter of DNA (2nm) • Atomic: <1nm i.e. hydrogen atom (0.1nm) SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

21. Big Idea – Tools and Instrumentation • Development of new tools and instruments helps drive scientific progress. Recent development of specialized tools has led to new levels of understanding of matter by helping scientists detect, manipulate, isolate, measure, fabricate, and investigate nanoscale matter with unprecedented precision and accuracy. SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

22. Learning Goal 1 Specialized tools are required to detect, measure, and investigate the nanoscale world because structures on this scale are too small to be seen with optical microscopes. Scanning Electron Microscope SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

23. Tools & Instrumentation and NSES • Standard E Science and Technology • 5-8 and 9-12 • Abilities of technological design • Understanding about science and technology SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

24. How do we “see” nanoscale objects? • Nanoscale is below the range of visible light so cannot use optical microscopes • Special tools • Scanning Probe Microscopy • Atomic Force Microscope • Scanning Electron Microscope SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

25. Tools that help us see micro and nano worlds SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

26. Tools that help us see micro and nano worlds Hitachi Tabletop SEM SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

27. Scale of objects lesson • Have students create powers of ten • Everyday objects • Use a variety of magnifying instruments • Hand lens, magnifying glass, USB scope, optical scope, SEM SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

28. SEM Butterfly Investigation from UCSB NNIN Site Description: The object is a part of a wing of a blue Morpho Butterfly. The top part is an iridescent blue while the underside is a brown shade. We will look at the blue side of the wing. Magnification: 10 X Magnification: 100 X Magnification: 1,000 X Magnification: 10,000 X SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

29. Using tools to see smaller scales http://www.mos.org/sln/sem/ tour04.html SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

30. SEM activities • Matching • Objects, USB scopes, and SEM images • Provide to each group objects and images • Use USB scope or magnifier to examine objects • Match images • Mystery • Case histories, bags of evidence, use SEM to determine “evidence” against image library SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

31. SEM activities • Matching • Objects, USB scopes, and SEM images • Provide to each group objects and images • Use USB scope or magnifier to examine objects • Match images • Mystery • Case histories, bags of evidence, use SEM to determine “evidence” against image library SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

32. SEM activities • Summer camp • Intro to SEM • Using Hitachi TM3000 • Each group will explore an object • Different magnifications • Create a PowerPoint on their interpretation of images • (adopted from D. Leonard/Duke TIP) SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012

33. Thank you Visit: http://www.education.nnin.org SPIE Baltimore 4/26/2012