April 12, 1861 – South Carolina Lincoln sent supplies to U.S. soldiers in the fort

2. April 12, 1861 – South Carolina • Lincoln sent supplies to U.S. soldiers in the fort • Confederates open fire on fort from the harbor • No one was hurt but it signaled the start of the Civil War • One result - VA, AK, NC, TN join Confederacy

3. Rating the North & the South

4. Railroad Lines, 1860

5. Resources: North & the South

7. Both were largely unprepared for war • Both thought they were superior and would win the war quickly and easily • Both thought the other side was responsible for the breakup of the U.S.

8. Southerners enlist eagerly because • Southern honor & local acclaim – grand farewell ceremonies • Felt they were fighting tyranny – like Revolution • Thought it would be a short, exciting adventure

9. Slave states that stayed in the Union • Kentucky • Missouri • Delaware • Maryland

10. OverviewofCivil WarStrategy: “Anaconda”Plan

11. Strategies North – Anaconda Plan – Blockade the coast to prevent ships going in or out of the South & gain control of the Mississippi River South – Similar to Patriots in the Revolution – defensive battles, fight on land you know, guerilla warfare

12. Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas) July, 1861

13. AKA: First Manassas • July 1861 – just outside of Washington, D.C. • Festive atmosphere among Northerners • Southern victory – North sent running

14. Presidents Confederate President – Jefferson Davis Confederate Capital – Montgomery, AL until May, 1861 then Richmond, VA Union President – Abraham Lincoln Union Capital – Washington, DC

15. Primary objective in beginning was to restore the Union – reconciliation •  "If I could save the Union without freeing any slaves, I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it, and if I could do it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do that” • Never actually called it a WAR always a REBELLION

16. The Battle of the Ironclads,March, 1862 • Monitor vs. Merrimack – iron plating and revolving turrets – ends in stalemate • End of wooden warships • Continuation of Union blockade

18. Naval Warfare – New Orleans • New Orleans – largest Confederate port • Combined Army/Navy effort under flag officer David Farragut • Captured New Orleans – mouth of the Mississippi River • One of the very few times • that the navy captured a city

19. Battle of Shiloh • Corinth – major Confederate rail junction connecting east and west • Confederate army stationed here under Albert Sydney Johnston & PGT Beauregard • Pittsburg Landing – along the TN river • Union army stationed here with William Tecumseh Sherman (Grant =overall command)

20. Battle of Shiloh Cont. • Named this b/c it was near Shiloh Church • Confederates achieved complete surprise – Grant was in Savannah • Union divisions rally and fight back during mid-afternoon • Hornets Nest – WHL Wallace & Prentice are left as the right and left flanks retreat around them – Confederates move in

21. Battle of Shiloh Day 2 • April 7th • Union =40,000 Confederates=28,000 • Grant launches Union counterattack • Cause Confederate retreat to Corinth • One of the first battles that showed the real brutality and potential length of the war

22. Battle of Antietam • Antietam – • McClellan is fired as commander of Army of the Potomac • Emancipation Proclamation is issued • Union victory convinces the British not to help the South

23. Vicksburg Campaign – April - July 4, 1863 • Gave the Union full control of the Mississippi River • Gettysburg – July 1-3, 1863 • Pickett’s Charge • Joshua Chamberlain – Little Round Top • South could not replace the men they lost

24. The War in the West, 1863: Vicksburg

25. Commanders in the Vicksburg Campaign • Confederates • Braxton Bragg and Johnston =Army of Tennessee • Union – • Ulysses Grant and William Tecumseh Sherman = Army of THE Tennessee • David Porter = Navy commander

26. The Set-Up • Confederates control Vicksburg to Port Hudson blocking Union trade on MS river • Union compensates with Railroads • Vicksburg = key to Union Anaconda Plan

27. Start of Vicksburg Campaign • April 16-17 Union runs gunboats down MS river past Vicksburg at night = success • Simultaneous Union army movement west of MS River • Also simultaneous Union cavalry raid through MS to Baton Rouge • April 29th Grant reaches Bruinsburg by crossing the MS river

28. Vicksburg Campaign Eastern Side of MS River • May 1st Grant @ Port Gibson - doesn’t establish supply base • Caused Confederate confusion • Grant moved East to Jackson -MS capital & key rail junction • Battle @ Champion’s Hill – Confederates had high ground and still lost • May 19th & 22 TWO frontal attacks on Vicksburg

29. The Siege of Vicksburg • May 18 – July 4, 1863 • Union waits for the trapped Confederates to surrender • No hope for Confederates b/c all possible supply lines are cut off

30. Emancipation Proclamation – did not actually free anyone!!!!!!!!!! • Freed the slaves in the areas where the Union was not in control – all slaves in the Union were still slaves • 13th Amendment – abolished • slavery

31. Battle of Chancellorsville • April 30 – May 6, 1863 • Union Army of the Potomac (Joseph Hooker) vs. Confederate Army of Northern VA (Robert E. Lee) • Union General Hooker had the advantage but gave it up to fight a defensive battle in the “Wilderness” • Considered Lee’s greatest victory • Faced an army 2x the size by splitting his troops in half for two offensives • Stonewall Jackson is killed in friendly fire