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MUSIC

MUSIC. NOTES. Noise Versus Music. What is the difference between noise and music? Answer: The appearance of the waveform. Pitch. … is the "highness" or "lowness" of a tone. Pitch corresponds to frequency. Concert A on the Musical Scale has a frequency of 440 Hertz. Major Scale.

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MUSIC

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  1. MUSIC NOTES

  2. Noise Versus Music • What is the difference between noise and music? • Answer: The appearance of the waveform.

  3. Pitch... • … is the "highness" or "lowness" of a tone. • Pitch corresponds to frequency. • Concert A on the Musical Scale has a frequency of 440 Hertz.

  4. Major Scale Letter Frequency Frequency Note Name (Hz) ratio Interval do C 264 9/8 Whole re D 297 10/9 Whole mi E 330 16/15 Half fa F 352 9/8 Whole sol G 396 10/9 Whole la A 440 9/8 Whole ti B 495 16/15 Half do C 528

  5. Same Note - Different Instrument

  6. Harmonic • a partial tone that is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency • Fundamental Frequency • the lowest frequency of vibration • a.k.a. the first harmonic

  7. Harmonics • Harmonics on a Guitar String closed at both ends • Harmonics in an Organ Pipe • Open on one end, close on the other OR • Open on both ends

  8. Overtones

  9. Example Problem Example: What is the wavelength and frequencies of the fundamental and the first two overtones of a .3 m long closed pipe? (For v=340 m/s) How about for an open pipe?

  10. Example Problem Example: What is the wavelength and frequencies of the fundamental and the first two overtones of a .3 m long closed pipe? (For v=340 m/s) How about for an open pipe? The fundamental for a closed pipe is from a node to antinode so L= 1/2 WL. WL0= .3*2=.6m, if v=340 m/s Then f0=v/WL=340/.6 = 566 Hz . For the first overtone L=3/2 WL WL1=.3*2/3=.2m. f1=v/WL=340/.2=1700 Hz (3*f0) For the second overtone L=5/2WL. WL2=.3*2/5=.12m f2=v/WL=340/.12=2833 Hz (5* f0)

  11. Example Problem Example: What is the wavelength and frequencies of the fundamental and the first two overtones of a .3 m long closed pipe? (For v=340 m/s) How about for an open pipe? The fundamental for a open pipe is from a antinode to antinode so L= WL. WL0= .3=.3m, if v=340 m/s Then f0=v/WL=340/.3 = 1133 Hz . For the first overtone L=2 WL WL1=.3*/2=.15m. f1=v/WL=340/.15=2266 Hz (2*f0) For the second overtone L=3WL. WL2=.3/3=.1m f2=v/WL=340/.1=3400 Hz (3* f0)

  12. Composite Waves

  13. Oboe and Clarinet

  14. superposition

  15. Example Problem Example: Graph a note that is 256 Hz and a half as strong second harmonic:

  16. Example: Graph a note that is 256 Hz and a half as strong second harmonic: Second harmonic means f2= 3 f0 = 768 Hz at half the amplitude.

  17. Interference

  18. Beats • Beats - the periodic variation in loudness of two sounds played together • The beat frequency is equal to the difference in the frequency of the two sounds. • What is the beat frequency when a 262 Hz and a 266 Hz tuning fork are sounded together?

  19. Radio Broadcasts • Modulation - an impression of the sound wave on a higher frequency radio wave • AM • Amplitude Modulation • 535 kHz to 1605 kHz • FM • Frequency Modulation • 88 MHz to 108 MHz

  20. AM vs FM

  21. notes SOURCE SOUND/MUSIC NOTES Sonogram (frequency vs loudness) Oscilliscope (time vs. pressure) Explanation:

  22. SOURCE SOUND/MUSIC NOTES Sonogram (frequency vs loudness) Oscilliscope (time vs. pressure) Explanation:

  23. SOURCE SOUND/MUSIC NOTES Sonogram (frequency vs loudness) Oscilliscope (time vs. pressure) Explanation:

  24. SOURCE SOUND/MUSIC NOTES Sonogram (frequency vs loudness) Oscilliscope (time vs. pressure) Explanation:

  25. SOURCE SOUND/MUSIC NOTES Sonogram (frequency vs loudness) Oscilliscope (time vs. pressure) Explanation:

  26. SOURCE SOUND/MUSIC NOTES Sonogram (frequency vs loudness) Oscilliscope (time vs. pressure) Explanation:

  27. SOURCE SOUND/MUSIC NOTES Sonogram (frequency vs loudness) Oscilliscope (time vs. pressure) Explanation:

  28. SOURCE SOUND/MUSIC NOTES Sonogram (frequency vs loudness) Oscilliscope (time vs. pressure) Explanation:

  29. SOURCE SOUND/MUSIC NOTES Sonogram (frequency vs loudness) Oscilliscope (time vs. pressure) Explanation:

  30. SOURCE SOUND/MUSIC NOTES Sonogram (frequency vs loudness) Oscilliscope (time vs. pressure) Explanation:

  31. SOURCE SOUND/MUSIC NOTES Sonogram (frequency vs loudness) Oscilliscope (time vs. pressure) Explanation:

  32. SOURCE SOUND/MUSIC NOTES Sonogram (frequency vs loudness) Oscilliscope (time vs. pressure) Explanation:

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