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DYE TRACING FUNDAMENTALS

DYE TRACING FUNDAMENTALS. Ralph O. Ewers, Ph.D. Peter J. Idstein, M.S. ewc@mis.net. DYE TRACING FUNDAMENTALS. Questions Answered By Tracing. Where are the groundwater basin boundaries ? Where does the water go ? How long does it take to get there ? What happens along

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DYE TRACING FUNDAMENTALS

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  1. DYE TRACING FUNDAMENTALS Ralph O. Ewers, Ph.D. Peter J. Idstein, M.S. ewc@mis.net

  2. DYE TRACING FUNDAMENTALS Questions Answered By Tracing • Where are the groundwater basin boundaries ? • Where does the water go ? • How long does it take to get there ? • What happens along the way ?

  3. DYE TRACING FUNDAMENTALS • Monitoring Locations and Reconnaissance • Background Determination • Dye Injection • Dye Monitoring • Dye Analyses

  4. Fluorescent Dyes

  5. Dye Properties • Non-Toxic • Soluble in water – thus easy to introduce • Unmistakably detectable at extremely low concentrations • Durable in the aquifer environment • Easily quantified • A proven record of use in karst aquifers • Inexpensive to obtain and analyze

  6. Activated Carbon Dye Receptors

  7. Monitoring Locations • Springs • Streams • Cave Streams and Karst Windows • Production/Domestic Wells • Monitoring Wells

  8. A Typical Monitoring Scheme

  9. Reconnaissance Essentials • Search for springs along streams surrounding the site. • Search for springs in stream valleys across the adjacent divide from the site. • Select stream monitoring sites to insure that hidden springs will be monitored. • Look for streams in caves. • Assess nearby wells of all types. • Look for dye introduction points that bracket the site.

  10. A Typical Monitoring Scheme 24 Springs 19 Stream Locations 3 Domestic Wells 6 Monitoring Wells

  11. Dye Background Determination • One week exposure for dye receptors (typical)

  12. Dye Background Determination • One week exposure for dye receptors (typical) • Two sampling rounds (exchanges) are usual

  13. Dye Background Determination • One week exposure for dye receptors (typical) • Two sampling rounds (exchanges) are usual • Analyze for all potentially useful fluorescent dyes

  14. Dye Background Determination • One week exposure for dye receptors (typical) • Two sampling rounds (exchanges) are usual • Analyze for all potentially useful fluorescent dyes • Choose the dye to be used for tracing based upon dye background and dye properties

  15. Dye Injection Sinking Stream

  16. Dye Injection Backhoe Trench

  17. Dye Injection Sinkhole

  18. Dye Injection Well

  19. Dye Injection via Well Don’t pour it in like this

  20. Dye Injection via Well Because when you add the necessary water……

  21. Dye Injection via Well You will get this !

  22. Dye Injection via Well Stagnant Dye Mass

  23. Well Injection System

  24. Dye Injection via Well The Tremi Method Tremi Tube

  25. Dye Injection via Well Tremi Tube Upward Flush With Potable Water

  26. Dye Injection via Well Tremi Tube Downward Flush With Potable Water Upward Flush With Potable Water

  27. Dye Monitoring

  28. Dye Monitoring

  29. Dye Monitoring • Always exchange dye receptors NEVER remove them

  30. Dye Monitoring • Always exchange dye receptors NEVER remove them • Typical intervals are weekly or bi-weekly

  31. Dye Monitoring • Always exchange dye receptors NEVER remove them • Typical intervals are weekly or bi-weekly • Disposable gloves are typically worn

  32. Dye Monitoring • Always exchange dye receptors NEVER remove them • Typical intervals are weekly or bi-weekly • Disposable gloves are typically worn • Transport of dye receptors is by express at ambient temperature

  33. Dye Monitoring • Always exchange dye receptors NEVER remove them • Typical intervals are weekly or bi-weekly • Disposable gloves are typically worn • Transport of dye receptors is by express at ambient temperature • Water samples are often used as to provide additional custody assurance

  34. Dye Analyses • Synchronous spectrofluorophotometry is the standard analytical technique

  35. Dye Analyses • Synchronous spectrofluorophotometry is the standard analytical technique • Modern instruments provide part-per-trillion sensitivity for fluorescent dyes

  36. Dye Analyses • Synchronous spectrofluorophotometry is the standard analytical technique • Modern instruments provide part-per-trillion sensitivity for fluorescent dyes • Activated carbon dye receptors provide 400 to 1000 fold increase in dye concentration relative to the concentration in the ambient water

  37. Dye AnalysesLaboratory Protocol

  38. Washing

  39. Drying

  40. Weighing

  41. Elution

  42. Elution

  43. Analysis

  44. Analysis

  45. Analysis

  46. There’s No Truth Like TRACER Truth Quinlan, 85

  47. End Part 3

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