Zbigniew Bzymek & Eliot Brown UConn

1. Introduction to Preventative Engineering(This is a slide setto the IMECE 2018 Session 7.7.1 presentation) ( Addresses of visuals are taken from Internet and are indicated on the slides) Zbigniew Bzymek & Eliot Brown UConn Storrs CT USA

2. 'Nothing endures but change.' 'Character is destiny‘ Heraclitus.”” Preamble The World is developing and changing Heraklit from Efez “ Panta rhei” (“Everything Flows”) Nature, societies, economy, technology - everything changes The changes very often bring dangers The dangers are created by Nature and Humans (Intentionally and Unintentionally) Engineering as a profession has obligation to protect societies from those dangers (a privilege of engineers is to make positive revolution ) https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2018/08/coastal-county-population-rises.html For the Bust of Heraclitus go to: https:/https://www.pinterest.com/pin/400046379383973755/ / Visited: April 2019

3. What Is Preventative Engineering • Engineering • Technology • Innovation • Study, Design, and Construction • BTIPS Module - Prediction: Changes from Harmfulinto Neutral, from Neutral into Positive • Protecting societies & individuals • Creating structures, equipment, regulations • Regulatory Policy - human friendly

4. Thesis • Preventative Engineering will be a new complex aspect of engineering. This engineering will focus on modern prevalent problems that continue to cause harm to lives, economies, and prevent human growth.

5. Branches of Engineering A new branch of engineering called Prevention/Preventative Engineering is proposed. Prevention/Preventative Engineering contains the innovation and design tools that look into minimizing/eliminating the disasters & harms that mankind directly faces and endures.

6. Influence of nature: • Air: Hurricanes, cyclones, typhoons, tornados and combinations of those; • Water: tropical rains, hail, rivers’ flood, high ocean waves, floods and combinations of those; • Electricity: storm electricity, straight lighting, ball lighting, fire; • Earth: earthquake, tsunami, volcano,mad slides, earth pit holes.

7. Influence of Nature • Influence of Earth: of earth

8. Hurricanes

9. Cyclones

10. Some Strongest Hurricanes/Cyclones - Devastations Hurricane Mariahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Maria The Great GalvestonHurricane https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d&q=The+Great+Galvestone+Hurricane Hurricane Jeanne • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Jeanne Hurricane Camille • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Camille The Great Galveston hurricane, known Hurricane Jeanne: : Highest wind speed: 120mph (195 km/h)  mph Date: 9/13/2004 – 9/29/2004: August 27, 1900 – September 15, 1900 Category 3 major Hurricane (SSHWS/NWS) : Category 4 Hurricane (SSHWS) Damage: $ 7.94 billion (2004 USD) : $35.4 million (1900 USD) Affected areas: US Virgins' Islands, Puerto Rico, Haiti, Florida,, (Other), Total fatalities: 3037 (direct) : (Deadliest in U.S. history; fourth-deadliest (approximate) The Great Galveston hurricane, known The Great Galveston Hurricane: Highest wind speed: 145 mph mph Date: 8/27/1900 – 9/15/1900e: August 27, 1900 – September 15, 1900 Category 4 Hurricane (SSHWS) : Category 4 Hurricane (SSHWS) Damage: $35.4 million (1900 USD) : $35.4 million (1900 USD) Affected areas: Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Texas (Other), Total fatalities: 8000 (approx.) : (Deadliest in U.S. history; fourth-deadliest (approximate) Hurricane Camille: : Highest wind speed: 120mph (195 km/h)  mph Date: 8/14/1969 – 9/22/1969 August 27, 1900 – September 15, 1900 Category 5 major Hurricane (SSHWS/NWS) : Category 4 Hurricane (SSHWS) Damage: $ 1.42 billion (1969 USD) : $35.4 million (1900 USD) Affected areas: Cuba, Yucatan Peninsula, Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, (other), Total fatalities: 259 (total): (De Bhola Cyclone • https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d&q=bhola+cyclone Cyclone Ockhi • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclone_Ockhi

11. Hurricanes Increasing Intensity? Hurricane Intensity vs Sea Surface Temperature Annual Frequency of North Atlantic Tropical Storms • Climate Change • Intensity increase • Warmer waters • Warmer air • Higher Sea levels • Global warming • Weakening atmospheric • Currents • Rebuild in coastal areas • Population of Atlantic Gulf Coast region 52 million (2000) to 60 million (2016) https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2018/08/coastal-county-population-rises.html John Schwatz - New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/19/climate/humans-hurricanes-causes-effects.html

12. Protection From Hurricanes - Ideas • Rising intensity from hurricanes • need new solutions • Upgraded tracking system • gives warning sooner • Disperse air flow and pressure • Control wave distortion • Direct analysis of hurricanes • develops new understanding MIT scientist Moshe Alamaro developed system to rob hurricanes of what they build from which is warm water [12]. [12] https://www.weather.gov/lmk/tornado_climatology

13. Tornados:

14. Earthquakes

15. Natural Disasters • Natural Disasters of Wildfires, Hurricanes, and Earthquakes alone cost $306 billion in 2017 Number of reported events:

16. Prevention/Preventative Engineering - Research and Teaching - Benefits • Understanding of the disasters we have to face - specifically and directly • Better understanding of our planet and its surrounding and therefore other planetary objects and spatial structures • Understanding of planet Earth and its composites • Impacts and results engineering design, research and practice • Introducing new technologies and preventative inventions • Unknown knowledge to discover

17. Human Actions that May Cause Desasters • New technologies create new problems and hazards • Structures/buildings needed for practical reasons • Fancy structures and buildings – on water, under water, underground usual and unusual shape, not needed for practical reasons • Space exploration systems • Global warming procotions • Ecosystems • AI (Artificial Intelligence) systems • Nuclear plants • Sinking cities as a result of human actions (Examples: New York, Tokyo, Istambul, other)

18. Precautions for Buildings • Vertical transportation • Efficient exit strategies • Building sway • Maintenance & inspections • Extreme precautions and emergencies • Overall efficiency Buildings of Strange shapes www1.rmit.edu.au Challenges for all include extreme situations and extreme exit strategies of evacuation of people and animals from tall buildings in case of disasters and catastrophs. www1.rmit.edu.au

20. Some Tallest Buildings: Tallest buildings Jeddah Burj Suzhou Signature Shanghai Makkah Tonym Taipei Shanghai International Tower Khalifabongnan Center Tower Tower Royal Clock Chow101 101 World Commerce center 1,000+ 729 m/2392 ft 2,722 feet Sushov Words tallest buildings represent dangers: earthquake, fire, collisions with air traffic, other. The Oldest Skyscraper - In Chicago – is now destroyed Words tallest buildings - reference www.archdaily.com/779178/these-are-the-worlds-25-tallest-build Other objects and systems created, by nature or by humans, for technological experiments or for show and pleasure. https://www.archdaily.com/779178/these-are-the-worlds-25-tallest-build

21. Implementing Prevention/Preventative Engineering • Research domain • College/University major • Combination of different domains of engineering • New majors: Municipal Level Preventions • Preventions, Federal Level Preventions

22. Possibilities of Creativity in Preventative Engineering Students’ Ideas of inventions in Preventative Engineering • Chair walking on steps • Flying car • Flying segway • Flying rescue vehicles • Fire rescue devices • Personal parachutes • Street safety equipment (boats, hot air balloons) https://www.businessinsider.com/earthquake-resistant-buildings-2011-3 Inventions will continue to be made, but this major will help progress technologies that are imminent. This will have direct positiveoutcomes effectingglobal economy, markets, safety, ease of preventive operations, governmental systems, protection strategies, and much more that cannot still be predicted.

23. Heavy equipment - student ideas • Vertically starting small airplanes • Helicopters • Paraschootes • Down-Slides on line • Slides inside of a tube • Pneumatic rolling containers • Pneumatic gans and catapults shooting people out with parachute away from a burning areas • Backpack extinguishers • Other personal and group resque equipment

24. Summary • Regulatory solutions • Economy solutions • Environmentally stable solutions • "Preventive Safety” solutions • Easy to maintain solutions • Other No limit to the possibilities http://www.intellectualventureslab.com/invent/hurricane-season

25. Citations https://www.weather.gov [7,8]*) https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/outreach/history/ [7,8] https://www.climate.gov [8] Hurricane Increasing Intestity- https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/19/climate/humans-hurricanes-causes-effects.html Protection from Hurricanes MIT person- [11]; https://www.economist.com/technology-quarterly/2005/06/09/anti-hurricane-technology https://www.weather.gov/lmk/tornado_climatology [12] www.ceramics.org [19] http://www.intellectualventureslab.com/invent/hurricane-season [24] *) The numbers indicate the references quoted in the text of presentation that follow the slides on the website.

26. Acknowledgments Eliot Brown, UConn Students, UConn Faculty and Staff who supported the Idea, George Assard III, Steve White and SOEHELP team, Prof. Katie Kornacki of Caldwell University for language advisory.