Warm Up

1. Warm Up Determine if each statement is true or false. 1.The measure of an obtuse angle is less than 90°. 2. All perfect-square real numbers are positive. 3. Every prime number is odd. 4. Through any three points there is exactly one plane containing them. False False False – counterexample? False – counterexample?

2. Vocabulary conditional statement hypothesis conclusion truth value negation converse inverse contrapostive logically equivalent statements

3. A conditional statement is a statement that contains both a hypothesis and conclusion. Frequently, a conditional statement will be written as an “if-then” statement.

4. Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of each conditional. A. If today is Thanksgiving Day, then today is Thursday. Hypothesis: Today is Thanksgiving Day. Conclusion: Today is Thursday. B. A number is a rational number if it is an integer. Hypothesis: A number is an integer. Conclusion: The number is a rational number.

5. Writing Math “If p, then q” can also be written as “if p, q,” “q, if p,” “p implies q,” and “p only if q.” "A number is divisible by 3 if it is divisible by 6." Hypothesis: A number is divisible by 6. Conclusion: A number is divisible by 3.

6. Many sentences without the words if and then can be written as conditionals. To do so, identify the sentence’s hypothesis and conclusion by figuring out which part of the statement depends on the other. Identify the hypothesis and the conclusion. Write a conditional statement from the following: An obtuse triangle has exactly one obtuse angle. Rewrite: If hypothesis, then conclusion. If a triangle is obtuse, then it has exactly one obtuse angle.

7. Write a conditional statement from the following illustration: The inner oval represents the hypothesis, and the outer oval represents the conclusion. If an animal is a blue jay, then it is a bird.

8. A conditional statement has a truth valueof either true (T) or false (F). It is false only when the hypothesis is true and the conclusion is false. To show that a conditional statement is false, you need to find only one counterexample where the hypothesis is true and the conclusion is false.

9. Determine if the conditional is true. If false, give a counterexample. If this month is August, then next month is September. When the hypothesis is true, the conclusion is also true because September follows August. So the conditional is true. If two angles are acute, then they are congruent. You can have acute angles with measures of 80° and 30°. In this case, the hypothesis is true, but the conclusion is false. Since you can find a counterexample, the conditional is false.

10. Remember! If the hypothesis is false, the conditional statement is true, regardless of the truth value of the conclusion. Counter-intuitive, but important! Determine if the conditional is true. If false, give a counterexample. If an even number greater than 2 is prime, then 5 + 4 = 8. An even number greater than 2 will never be prime, so the hypothesis is false. 5 + 4 is not equal to 8, so the conclusion is false. However, the conditional is true because the hypothesis is false.

11. Determine if the conditional “If a number is odd, then it is divisible by 3” is true. If false, give a counterexample. An example of an odd number is 7. It is not divisible by 3. In this case, the hypothesis is true, but the conclusion is false. Since you can find a counterexample, the conditional is false.

12. The negation of statement p is “not p,” written as ~p. The negation of a true statement is false, and the negation of a false statement is true.

13. Conditional

14. Converse

15. Inverse

16. Contrapositive

17. Write the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of the conditional statement. Use the Science Fact to find the truth value of each. Science Fact Adult insects have six legs. No other animal has six legs. Conditional: If an animal is an adult insect, then it has six legs.

18. Conditional: If an animal is an adult insect, then it has six legs. Converse: If an animal has six legs, then it is an adult insect. No other animals have six legs so the converse is true. Inverse:If an animal is not an adult insect,then it does not have six legs. No other animals have six legs so the inverse is true. Contrapositive:If an animal does nothave six legs,thenit is not an adult insect. Adult insects must have six legs. So the contrapositive is true.

19. Related conditional statements that have the same truth value are called logically equivalent statements. A conditional and its contrapositive are ALWAYS logically equivalent A converse and inverse are likewise ALWAYS logically equivalent.

20. Lesson Quiz: Part I Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of each conditional. A triangle with one right angle is a right triangle. 2. All even numbers are divisible by 2. 3. Determine if the statement “If n2 = 144, then n= 12” is true. If false, give a counterexample. H: A triangle has one right angle. C: The triangle is a right triangle. H: A number is even. C: The number is divisible by 2. False; n = –12.

21. 4. Write the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of the conditional statement “If Maria’s birthday is February 29, then she was born in a leap year.” Find the truth value of each. Converse: If Maria was born in a leap year, then her birthday is February 29; False. Inverse: If Maria’s birthday is not February 29, then she was not born in a leap year; False. Contrapositive: If Maria was not born in a leap year, then her birthday is not February 29; True.

22. Assignment today is page 85: 13-17 odd, 19-22, 24-29, 34-36, 38-40, 50-53 and 58-60. Remember that homework help is always available at http://www.thinkcentral.com/index.htm Today’s keyword is “MG7 2-2”.