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K: Plantae Div: Sphenophyta “horsetails or scouring rushes”

K: Plantae Div: Sphenophyta “horsetails or scouring rushes”. Evolved during the Devonian Period (395 mya); one of the dominants during the Caboniferous Period.(345-280 mya). K: Plantae Div: Sphenophyta “horsetails or scouring rushes”. 1. Silica in cell walls.

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K: Plantae Div: Sphenophyta “horsetails or scouring rushes”

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  1. K: Plantae Div: Sphenophyta“horsetails or scouring rushes” • Evolved during the Devonian Period (395 mya); one of the dominants during the Caboniferous Period.(345-280 mya).

  2. K: Plantae Div: Sphenophyta“horsetails or scouring rushes” • 1. Silica in cell walls. • 2. Leaves microphyllous; small and scalelike; form whorls at nodes. • 3. Vegetative and fertile shoots. • 4. Large sporophyte (2n) & • small gametophyte (n) - both • independent. • 5. Extensive rhizomes with roots • that branch irregularly. • 6. All branching (leaves & roots) • whorled at nodes. • 7. Growth from the base of each • segment (intercalary). • 8. Are homosporous.

  3. K: Plantae Div: Sphenophyta“horsetails or scouring rushes” • Intercalary meristem • adds length to the internodes

  4. K: Plantae Div: Sphenophyta“horsetails or scouring rushes”

  5. K: Plantae Div: Sphenophyta“horsetails or scouring rushes” • *All of the silicified cells are in the epidermis. • *Stomates of epidermis sunken in E. hymanale. • *Carinal canals for water conduction. • *Central canal and vallecular canals • for gas exchange. • Endodermis • outside layer around stele • Pericycle • single cell layer just inside of endodermis • gives rise to branch roots

  6. K: Plantae Div: Sphenophyta“horsetails or scouring rushes” • Reproduction: homosporous

  7. K: Plantae Div: Sphenophyta“horsetails or scouring rushes” • Reproduction: homosporous • sporangiophore and sporangia

  8. K: Plantae Div: Sphenophyta“horsetails or scouring rushes” • Reproduction: homosporous • tapetum and tapetal plasmodium

  9. K: Plantae Div: Sphenophyta“horsetails or scouring rushes” • Reproduction: homosporous • green spores germinate quickly.

  10. K: Plantae Div: Sphenophyta“horsetails or scouring rushes” • Reproduction: homosporous • spores with elators

  11. K: Plantae Div: Sphenophyta“horsetails or scouring rushes” • Reproduction: homosporous • green spores germinate quickly.

  12. K: Plantae Div: Sphenophyta“horsetails or scouring rushes” • Reproduction: homosporous • meiosis • spores (n) germinate ----------> gametophyte (n) • 2 types of gameophytes: male and monoecious • antheridia & archegonia

  13. K: Plantae Div: Sphenophyta“horsetails or scouring rushes” • Reproduction: homosporous • fertilization --> zygote (2n) --> sporophyte (2n)

  14. K: Plantae Div: Psilophyta“Whisk Ferns” • Evolved during the late Devonian Period (approx. 375 mya)

  15. K: Plantae Div: Psilophyta“Whisk Ferns” • 1. Plant Body (2n) composed of thin dichotomously branched aerial stems and rhizomes with ridges and pentagonal in x-section. • 2. No roots but have rhizoids with micorrhiza.

  16. K: Plantae Div: Psilophyta“Whisk Ferns” • 1. Plant Body (2n) composed of thin dichotomously branched aerial stems and rhizomes with ridges and pentagonal in x-section. • 2. No true roots but have rhizoids with micorrhiza. • 3. Bears small leaf-like appendages, or prophylls. • (no vascular tissue but leaf traces) • 4. Spores (n) are produced in trilobed structures on the tips of short branches called synangia.

  17. K: Plantae Div: Psilophyta“Whisk Ferns” • 4. Spores (n) are produced in trilobed structures on the tips of short branches called synangia. • tapetal plasmodium • sporangial wall

  18. K: Plantae Div: Psilophyta“Whisk Ferns” • Psilophyte spores (n) are kidney-shaped.

  19. K: Plantae Div: Psilophyta“Whisk Ferns” • Psilophyte spores (n) are slow to develop into monoecious gametophytes (n). • archegonia

  20. K: Plantae Div: Psilophyta“Whisk Ferns” • Psilophyte spores (n) are slow to develop into monoecious gametophytes (n). • antheridium

  21. K: Plantae Div: Psilophyta“Whisk Ferns” • Development from the fertilized egg (zygote 2n) proceeds in the archegonium.

  22. K: Plantae Div: Psilophyta“Whisk Ferns” • Eventually the young sporophyte (2n) becomes the mature plant body (2n).

  23. K: Plantae Div: Psilophyta“Whisk Ferns” • Stem and rhizome development: • immature stem tip - promeristem, protoderm, ground meristem, procambium

  24. K: Plantae Div: Psilophyta“Whisk Ferns” • Mature stem -

  25. K: Plantae Div: Psilophyta“Whisk Ferns” Genus: Tmesipteris

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