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18th c. Age of Enlightenment Intellectual ferment based on belief in human progress Changing views of God and the supernatural. Early 18th c. Time of religious enthusiasm Music (e.g. J.S. Bach, Crucifixus from B Minor Mass , 1714) New forms of religious
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18th c. Age of Enlightenment Intellectual ferment based on belief in human progress Changing views of God and the supernatural
Early 18th c. Time of religious enthusiasm Music (e.g. J.S. Bach, Crucifixusfrom B Minor Mass, 1714) New forms of religious observance e.g. Lutheran Pietism
Methodism John Wesley (1703-91) Good works, preaching to ordinary people Equality of all Christians in God’s eyes Charles Wesley (1707-88)
J.C. Lavater (1741-1801) - Physiognomy F.A. Mesmer (1734-1815) - Mesmerism Freemasonry
Philosophes – Enlightenment thinkers Increasing role of public opinion with rising literacy rate Proliferation of publications Censorship and its evasion
Paris as centre of the Enlightenment Salons, hosted by salonnières 1751-72 Publication of Encyclopédie, ed. Denis Diderot (1713-84)
François-Marie Arouet, a.k.a. Voltaire (1694-1778) Advocate of tolerance 1727 Witnesses state funeral of Newton Friend of royalty, esp. Frederick II (the Great) of Prussia (r. 1740-86)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-78) Artificial, corrupt nature of society Discourses on Arts and Sciences(1750) and Origin of Inequality (1755) The Social Contract (1762)