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Technology, Robber Barons and immigrants, OH MY!

Technology, Robber Barons and immigrants, OH MY!. Review:. Pacific Railway Act Morrill Land-Grant Act Homestead Act 1862 Exodusters Sand Creek 1864 Red Cloud War’s Battle of the Little Big Horn Ghost Dance Battle of Wounded Knee Assimilation Dawes Act. The Master of Invention!.

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Technology, Robber Barons and immigrants, OH MY!

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  1. Technology, Robber Barons and immigrants, OH MY!

  2. Review: • Pacific Railway Act • Morrill Land-Grant Act • Homestead Act 1862 • Exodusters • Sand Creek 1864 • Red Cloud War’s • Battle of the Little Big Horn • Ghost Dance • Battle of Wounded Knee • Assimilation • Dawes Act

  3. The Master of Invention! • Thomas Edison • Light Bulb • Phonograph • Motion Picture • 1093 patents

  4. Edison's Lab

  5. Advances in communications • Telegraph- • Perfected the telegraph • Morse Code • Western Union (1870) • 1900- 900,000 miles of wire 63 million messages

  6. Advances in technology • Telephone • Alexander Graham Bell (Scottish immigrant) • Earliest line only connected two lines Created switchboards • 1900 1.5 million telephones in use

  7. Transcontinental Railroad • At first, no standard rail gauge, short lines, no signals, costly delays • Expanded after Civil War • Transcontinental Railroad started in 1862funded by government grants. (Central Pacific and Union Pacific)

  8. Most workers were immigrants • Two lines met in in Utah on May10,1869 (Promontory Summit) • Drive the golden spike • Dirty, noisy but continued to expanded and develop • Developed schedules and standard time

  9. Impact of the Rails • Faster and more practical transportation • Lower costs of production • Creation of a nation market • Model for big business • Stimulation of other industries

  10. The Haves Robber Barons/Captains of Industry

  11. Robber Baron • Robber baron - term revived in the 19th century as a reference to businessmen and bankers who dominated their industries and amassed huge personal fortunes, by pursuing various anti-competitive or unfair business practices.

  12. Captains of Industry • Captains of Industry- Term originally used in the U.S. during the Industrial Revolution describing a business leader whose means of amassing a personal fortune contributes positively to the country in some way.

  13. Why is this Era so important? • Changed from a society based on agriculture to a society based on industry

  14. Captains of Industry vs Robber Baron • J.P. Morgan • Andrew Carnegie • John D. Rockefeller

  15. J.P. Morgan (April 17, 1837 – March 31, 1913) • John Pierpont Morgan • financier, banker, philanthropist, and art collector • Dominated corporate finance • Arranged merger to form General Electric. • Financed the creation of the Federal Steel Company he merged several other steel and iron businesses to form the United States Steel Corporation • By 1901, he was one of the wealthiest men in the world

  16. Andrew Carnegie(November 25, 1835 – August 11, 1919) • Widely respected philanthropist, and the founder of the Carnegie Steel Company which later became U.S. Steel. • Built one of the most powerful corporations in United States history • Gave away most of his riches to build libraries, schools, and universities and worldwide

  17. John Rockefeller, Sr.(July 8, 1839 – May 23, 1937) • American industrialist and philanthropist. • Revolutionized the oil industry • Believed his purpose in life was to make as much money as possible, and then use it wisely to improve the lot of mankind. • Rockefeller founded the Standard Oil • He became the world's richest man and first billionaire. • Standard Oil was convicted in the Federal Court of monopolistic practices and broken up in 1911.

  18. The Box Scores • Year Newspaper Carnegie Rockefeller • 1904 The Times of London $21 M $10 M • 1910 The New York American $179 M $134 M • 1913 The New York Herald $332 M $175 M

  19. Sherman Anti-trust Act • Was the first United States federal government action to limit monopolies, and is the oldest of all U.S. antitrust laws

  20. The have-nots Immigration/labor

  21. Immigration • Came to the US in steamships, often in steerage • 10 million between 1865-1890 • German, Irish, British • 10 Million between 1890 – 1920 • Italians, Greeks, Slavs

  22. Immigration • 70% came through NYC- Ellis Island

  23. Had to pass physical exams • Could be quarantined (TB) • Literacy exams

  24. Immigrants • Chinese Exclusion Act- Chinese labor used to build rail but Act prevented entry to establish residence in US • Nativism- favoring native born Americans over immigrants

  25. Child Labor • As young as six years old worked up to 19 hours a day, with a one-hour total break. • Horrible conditions. Large, heavy, and dangerous equipment was very common for children to be using • Children were paid only a fraction of what an adult • Orphans were the ones subject to this slave-like labor.

  26. Reformers • Reformers – built Settlement Houses (Hull house – Jane Adams) • Reporters/Photographers- wrote books like The Jungle which exposed the meat industry and published photos • Social reformers- preached temperance, staying away from vice

  27. Tenements – low cost housing built to hold as many people as possible • Turned area into slums

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