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What are we looking at today?

What are we looking at today?. Review Pacific Theatre Pearl Harbour Battle of Hong Kong Axis Family Trouble. Review: What should I know about Blitzkrieg. Literally means lightening war. “German way of war” Effective battle technique used by the Germans whereby:

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What are we looking at today?

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  1. What are we looking at today? Review Pacific Theatre Pearl Harbour Battle of Hong Kong Axis Family Trouble

  2. Review:What should I know about Blitzkrieg • Literally means lightening war. • “German way of war” • Effective battle technique used by the Germans whereby: • Air- Bombings weaken defenders ability to defend • Infantry- Engage defenders to distract • Tanks/Mobile Units- Break through enemy line • Encirclement happens • Significance • Allowed Germany to conquer most of Europe in a matter of months.

  3. Review:What Should I know about the “Battle of Britain” • PURPOSE of Battle: • The Luftwaffe attacked the Royal Air Force over southern England to pave the way for the invasion of Britain (aka Operation Sealion) • DESCRIPTION of Events: • Phase 1- Channel Battles • Cripple RAF • Phase 2- Eagle Day • Destroy RAF • Phase 3- The Blitz • Bury London • Phase 4- German Retreat • Postpone invasion • OUTCOME/SIGNIFICANCE of Event: • German defeat • Cripple the British’s ability to attack Germany while it invaded Russia. • Stop the Germans from fighting a two front war

  4. Review:What Should I know for “Operation Barbarossa”? • PURPOSE of Battle: • Conquer Russia to provide living space for the German master race. • DESCRIPTION of Events: • Hitler has three main objectives and three armies: • North- Take Leningrad • Central- Take Moscow • South- Take Kiev then Stalingrad • OUTCOME/SIGNIFICANCE • Crushing German defeat • North: did not take Leningrad- huge loss of life • Central: unable to occupy Moscow- attrition • South: Took Kiev but could not take Stalingrad- bloodiest battle in war and an example of how hard nationalism makes Germans fight for their country

  5. Pacific Theatre:Japanese-American Relations • September 1940 • US embargo on Japan • April 1941 • Soviet-Japanese neutrality treaty • June-July 1941 • Japan takes French Indo-China • Internationally rebuffed • July-November 1941 • Japanese government seizes foreign territory • December 1941 • Japanese Premier sets 1 December as the last day the will accept a solution to embargo without going to war • After 1 December, Japan makes war plan

  6. Pacific Theatre:Japanese-Chinese Relations • March 1932 • Japan declares Manchuria an independent state (puppet government) • International scrutiny causes Japan to leave the League of Nations- 1933 • July 1937 • Minor conflict between Chinese and Japanese troops • General war • December 1937 • Japan capture Nanjing (wartime atrocities committed) The following slide will show two examples of Japanese wartime atrocities...

  7. Pacific Theatre:Japanese-Chinese Relations The steps of downtown Nanjing were littered with dead bodies as Japanese soldiers raped and murdered their way through the city. The Japanese government used civilians as targets for practise. Age, gender or class were of little consequence.

  8. Pacific Theatre:Japanese-Chinese Relations • Early1939 • Unit 731- research lab for biological weapons created in Harbin • March 1940 • Japan creates puppet government in Nanjing • Japan bombs Ningbo with fleas carrying the bubonic plague • September 1940 • Japan inherits French Indochina from Vichy government Japanese troops enter Saigon. The stage is set for the Pacific War.

  9. Pacific Theatre: What should I know about “Pearl Harbour”? • PURPOSE of Battle: • Japanese want to eliminate the US navy ability to fight war in the Pacific • DESCRIPTION of Events: • Japan plans a sneak attack on Pearl Harbour which destroys their battleships but not aircraft carriers • OUTCOME/SIGNIFICANCE of Event: • Japanese victory • United States ends policy of isolation and joins the war

  10. Pearl Harbour:Attack, why? 1 3 2 Artificially deepened channel Battleship row Ford Island (defensive headquarters)

  11. Pearl Harbour:Japan Engages • Surprise! • Launched at night • Myth- • Pearl Harbour as impenetrable • December 6, 1941 • Franklin D. Roosevelt requests peace • Intercepted communication alludes to attack • December 7, 1941 • Attack begins at 7:53 a.m. • Japanese attack planes came in two waves • Wave One: airfield and battleships • Wave Two: ships and shipyard facilities

  12. “I was the last man to leave secondary aft because I looked around and there was no one left. I followed the Major down the port side of the tripod mast. The railings, as we ascended, were very hot and as we reached the boat deck I noted that it was torn up and burned. The bodies of the dead were thick, and badly burned men were heading for the quarterdeck, only to fall apparently dead or badly wounded. The Major and I went between No. 3 and No. 4 turret to the starboard side and found Lieutenant Commander Fuqua ordering the men over the side and assisting the wounded. He seemed exceptionally calm and the Major stopped and they talked for a moment. Charred bodies were everywhere.” Marine Corporal E.C. Nightingale He was aboard the USS Arizona when the explosion ripped open the ships sides and engulfed the whole thing in flames.

  13. Pearl Harbour:Results • Negative Results: • 350 aircraft were damaged or destroyed • All 8 battleships of U.S. Pacific Fleet were sunk or badly damaged • 3,500 Americans killed or wounded; 54 civilians • Saving Grace: • No aircraft carriers were damaged or destroyed • The Japanese failed to destroy the fuel tanks. From the Japanese perspective: Was the attack on Pearl Harbour a success? “Leaving aside the unspeakable treachery of it, the Japanese did a fine job.” -American Admiralty

  14. Pearl Harbour:Reaction- American vs. Japan • Politicians: • Roosevelt declares December 7, 1941 a "day of infamy“ • Government declares war on December 8, 1941 • US government converts to war economy • Citizens: • Popular outrage expressed in song • Isolation to intervention • Politicians: • The Imperial Rescript Declaring War • Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere • Citizens: • Surprise to be at war • Whole-hearted acceptance America’s Reaction Japan’s Reaction

  15. What should I know about the battle of Hong Kong? • PURPOSE of Battle: • Japan wished to control all major allied colonies to avoid being attacked after Pearl Harbour • DESCRIPTION of Events: • Japanese launch amphibious invasion and split the garrisoned troops in half. • Canadians fight- showing resilience and commitment • SIGNIFANCE/OUTCOME of Event: • Resounding Japanese victory; Canadians prove their worth as soldiers • Canadian soldiers are taken as POWs

  16. Battle of Hong Kong:Prelude • Hong Kong as colony • Troops as deterrent • Canada sends troops • Japanese motivations 1 2 3 New Territories- Primary Defense Mainland Chine ends City of Hong Kong

  17. Battle of Hong Kong:Attacking and Defending • Began attacks on 8 December 1941 • Hit airfields • Forces into New Frontier • Captured high ground (Dec 9) • Japanese attack island • Bombard defenses • Air raids • Shell pillbox defenses on north of island • Prepare attack on Hong Kong Island • 7 December 1941 • Pulled troops back main island • Ordered to war stations • Resisted across Kowloon • Attacked in the dark • 13 December 1941 • Japanese ask for surrender; British refuse • On the Island • East Brigade: Winnipeg Grenadiers with Lawson • West Brigade: Royal Rifles • Beach defenses Japanese British

  18. Battle of Hong Kong:Taking the Island • 18 December 1941 • Japanese launch separate amphibious attacks in North • Surface to fierce resistance by British troops • Japanese push for high ground • Split the East and West Brigade • The East Brigade • Destroyed: British brigade defending beaches • Royal Rifles pushed to dislodge Japanese control of high ground • 22 December 1941 • Given permission to withdrawal to Stanley Peninsula • The West Brigade • Orders to clear out Japanese high grounds • Forces surrendered • Personal bravery • 22 December 1941 • Grenadiers surrender 25 December 1941at 3:15pm British officially surrender the colony of Hong Kong to Japan

  19. Axis Family Trouble:Japan and Germany As the Americans enter the war in the Pacific and Europe, the defeat of the German and Japanese armies can be seen to happen quickly. Hard won gains by both empires taken away by a military giant roused from slumber.

  20. Axis Family Trouble:Allied Counter-Offensive • Operation Overlord • Dwight Eisenhower discusses American involvement in the operation • 6 June 1944: D-Day • Landing conducted in two phases • Airborne paratroopers • Amphibious attack • Canadians: • Landed at Juno • Canadian experience • Success With this, the Allies create a two front war for the Nazis.

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