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Microprocessor Engineering

Microprocessor Engineering. Microprocessor Systems Microcontrollers Infineon 16-bit Processor Family specifically 167CS microcontroller C Programming will be used throughout Keil C166 'C' compiler u-Vision V2 Integrated Development Environment. Microprocessor system. CPU

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Microprocessor Engineering

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  1. Microprocessor Engineering • Microprocessor Systems • Microcontrollers • Infineon 16-bit Processor Family • specifically 167CS microcontroller • C Programming will be used throughout • Keil C166 'C' compiler • u-Vision V2 Integrated Development Environment

  2. Microprocessor system • CPU • Memory – ROM and RAM • Input – various • Output - various

  3. Bus system • Devices connect to microprocessor via bus system (often called the memory bus) • A devices connected to bus must be tri-state devices • only one device is activated at a time • Consists of 3 bus types • Address bus • Data bus • Control bus

  4. Bus operations • Read • Write • Each read/write operation is made up of a number of clock cycles or T states • Each machine instruction is made up of one or more read and/or write operations • This is why we shouldn't compare microprocessors simply based on clock speed

  5. Address Bus • unidirectional – generated by microprocessor • number of address lines determines number of address locations • addressable locations = 2^n where n is the number of address lines • Memory map shows position of devices within the whole of the addressable area

  6. Data Bus • Bi-directional • Usually matches the word length of the microprocessor • Usually a multiple of 8 • We talk of 8-bit, 16-bit , 32-bit and 64-bit processors which refers to the normal word length of the microprocessor

  7. Control bus • Consists of potentially many signals. Typically:- • Read • Write • Could be single signal - Read/notWrite line • Interrupt control • Bus control signals for DMA (Direct Memory Access)

  8. Microprocessr • CPU – Central Processing Unit • ALU – Arithmetic Control Unit • Registers • Control Unit ( usually microcoded)

  9. Microprocessor Registers • General purpose registers • Accumulator – used in conjunction with ALU – often found on 8-bit microprocessors • Status or Flag Register – inidcate result of last instruction executed • Program counter • Stack pointer • Special registers – Instruction and memory address register

  10. Fetch – execute cycle • Fetch • memory read cycle • place in instruction register and decode • Execute • may involve additional read and/or write cycles

  11. Microcontroller • A microcontroller is the integration of • microprocessor • memory • ROM types – commonly flash PROM • RAM – Static ram • peripherals • parallel input and output • Timers and Counters • Serial input and output (UART, USART, etc.) • Analogue to digital convertors • PWM, CAPCOM registers, DACs etc.etc.

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