Essential Question: How do Medicines help the body?

1. Essential Question: How do Medicines help the body? Everybody becomes ill or gets hurt Bacteria and Viruses Allergies Accidents and other injuries

2. Drugs • Drug - a substance, other than food, that affects the way the body or mind works. • Medicine - a drug used to prevent, treat, or cure an illness • Illegal drugs- cause changes in the body that do not improve your health. They are harmful and can cause death.

3. Medicines • Help to improve health • Vaccines • Antibiotics • Pain relievers

4. Medicines • Help with problems such as allergies, asthma, diabetes, high blood pressure, heart problems, and other medical problems that affect the body.

5. Prescription Medicines • Doctors consider a patient’s symptoms, age, weight, and allergies before writing a prescription medicine. • The medicine can only be used by the person the prescription is written for. • It is dangerous to take someone else’s medicine.

6. Over-the-Counter Medicines (OTC) • OTC – medicine that can be bought without a prescription. • OTC medicines treat minor health problems. • OTC – are for short term use • Cough medicines, nasal sprays, aspirin, pain relievers are examples of OTC medicine.

7. OTC Medicines • OTC can be harmful if not used correctly. • Use with adult supervision. • Read and follow the directions on the label. • Labels explain what the medicine treats and how it should be taken. • Labels also tells the length of time to take the medicine • Labels also list warnings

8. Warnings or dangers • Examples of warnings: • Adults only • Children and teens should not use this medicine for flu symptoms • Do not use if you have high blood pressure • Can cause sleepiness • Can cause certain allergic reactions • Do not use while driving or operating heavy machinery.

9. How Medicines Affect the Body • Medicines come in many forms such as, creams, sprays, liquids, tablets, or drops • Different medicines cause side effects. • Side effects are unwanted effects of a medicine. • Side effects – sleepy, dizziness, rashes, vomiting, seizures, or just a strange feeling.

10. Side Effects • Avoid taking two or more different medicines at the same time without your doctor’s directions. • It is important for your parents to ask the doctor or pharmacist before giving you more than one medicine at a time. • Always read the Drug Facts on the back of the medicnie

11. Myth and Fact • Myth – all medicines made with natural ingredients are safe. • Fact – Natural does not always mean safe. Always consult a doctor before using medicines. • Example: ephedura, or ma hung is a dangerous herbal drug that can cause heart attacks and strokes.

12. Medicines can help or hurt the body • Always use medicines the way they are suppose to be used. • Read the labels on prescription medicines and OTC medicines • Never take someone else’s medicines • Ask your doctor or pharmacist questions about the medicine • Be careful with Natural Medicines • All medicines can cause side effects

13. Medicine Use, Misuse, and Abuse • Use medicines safely • Medicines will help only if used correctly • Store medicines correctly, they may not work if they are stored incorrectly. • Most medicines should be kept in a cool, dark place, away from moisture. • Some medicines must be kept in the refrigerator. • Always check medicines for proper storage. • You must also be careful about the foods you eat when taking some medicines • Some foods stop medicines from working.

14. Using Medicines Safely • Some Antibiotics should not be taken with fruit juice. The acid reduces the ability of the antibiotic. • Using medicine safely requires a lot of care and caution

15. Medicine Misuse • Medicine Misuse – taking a medicine without following the directions. • Self-medication- deciding on your own what medicine to take. Children and teens should never take medicine without adult supervision. • Medicine abuse – taking medicine for some other reason other than an illness. Examples; to get high, to have fun, because your friends are doing it. This can cause brain damage or damage to the nervous system, or death

16. Addiction • People who abuse medicines can develop an addiction. • Addiction is the constant need for and use of a drug, even though it is not medically necessary. • There is a deep feeling that the drug is needed. • Addiction is dangerous, it can lead to serious illness or death.

17. Drug Abuse • Some OTC medicines can be abused. • Prescription medicines can be abused. • Pain medicines, sleeping pills, cough syrups, and any other type of medicines can be abused.

18. Anabolic Steroids • Anabolic Steroids are medicines used to treat certain health problems. • When they are abused, they can cause unpleasant and dangerous health problems. • Hair loss, irritability, depression, fatigue, severe acne, violent behavior, and even death. • Longtime use can cause liver damage, heart disease, and kidney failure.

19. Illegal Drugs • Illegal Drugs are drugs that are not medicines, and they are against the law to sell, but, have, or use. • You can go to prison • They destroy your life • Harmful effects • Damage the body, or kill • Make blood vessels burst in the brain and cause a serious stroke. • Have long term effects – memory loss, asthma, lung cancer, damage the nose, cause sores to the nostrils, loss of appetite, loss of weight, birth defects

20. Overdose • Using some illegal drugs can lead to tolerance • Tolerance – the body gets use to the drug • Tolerance can lead to an overdose. • Overdose – a dangerously large dose of a drug. It can cause severe illness or death. • Users of illegal drugs become drug addicts.

21. Drug Addicts • Drug addicts – lives are ruled by drugs. • No longer care about school, work, family or friends. • They can’t stop taking the drug because their bodies need it.

22. Withdrawals • If drugs are taken away from a drug addict, he or she experiences withdrawal. • Withdrawal is the painful reaction that occurs when someone suddenly stops using a drug. • Symptoms include, vomiting, shaking, seeing and hearing things that aren’t there, seizures, and even death. • Drug addicts usually need medical help to get through withdrawal.

23. Cocaine and Crack • Cocaine is an illegal drug made from the leaves of the coca plant. It is a white powder that is sniffed through the nose. • Crack is a rocklike form of cocaine that users smoke. It makes a crackling sound when someone smokes it. • Both are extremely harmful • They cause extreme violence, even to the point of killing someone.

24. Cocaine and Crack • The body absorbs crack even faster than powdered cocaine. • There is a sudden intense effect in seconds. • The effect wears off very quickly, leaving the user wanting more. • Some users become addicted to crack after using it only one time. • It is one of the most addictive illegal drugs around. • It is also one of the most dangerous. • A first time user could die suddenly from a heart attack or seizure

25. Marijuana • Marijuana is an illegal drug that comes from a tall, leafy plant with small white and yellow flowers. • Made of crushed dried leaves • Sometimes called, grass, pot, weed, or Mary Jane • Hashish – the thick, sticky resin is a powerful drug that is smoked or eaten

26. Marijuana • It has more than 400 substances that affect the body • Some of the chemicals affect the brain, changing the way a user sees, hears, and feels things. • Causes memory loss, affects the ability to concentrate. • Disrupts nerve cells in the brain • Makes it difficult to learn anything in school • Affects coordination – make its hard to do physical things like playing sports and exercising. • Slows down the reflexes • Can damage the lungs • Affects the immune system

27. Inhalants • Chemicals that give off fumes • Inhalants are common products that some people abuse by breathing their fumes • Inhalants are very addictive • Can cause nose bleeds, headaches, confusion, memory loss, nausea, changes in the heartbeat, and breathing rate. • Long-term users can damage the brain, kidneys, liver, lungs, and cause death.

28. Medicines and Drugs • Medicines are helpful when used correctly. • Illegal drugs are against the law, and are extremely dangerous