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Chapter 7, Sections 3. Chapter 8, Section 1.

Chapter 7, Sections 3. Chapter 8, Section 1. Early Civilizations of India And Religious Traditions. Largest early civilization in South Asia. Sprung up along Indus River. Lasted from 2500-1500BC. Indus Valley Civilization.

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Chapter 7, Sections 3. Chapter 8, Section 1.

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  1. Chapter 7, Sections 3.Chapter 8, Section 1. Early Civilizations of India And Religious Traditions

  2. Largest early civilization in South Asia. Sprung up along Indus River. Lasted from 2500-1500BC. Indus Valley Civilization

  3. Spread across the Northern Plains from the Caucasus Mountains. Brought the Vedas and developed Sanskrit. Aryans

  4. Brahmans (priests) Kshatriyas (warriors) Vaisyas (landowners, merchants, herders) Sudras (servants and peasants) Aryan Varna (Social Classes)

  5. Sacred Hindu Texts Vedas contain eternal truth revealed to wise men. Upanishads explain the Vedas.

  6. Thousands of Hindu gods form a single supreme force called Brahman. Only a few can understand as it is nameless, formless, and unlimited. Brahman

  7. Three main gods of Hinduism are Brahma (creator), Vishnu (preserver), and Shiva/Siva (destroyer).

  8. Each caste has separate dharma (duties and obligations). People will improve caste in next life by following dharma. The Caste System

  9. The cycle of death and rebirth (reincarnation) occurs until individual unites with Brahman. Every deed in this life affects future lives (karma). The present situation is a result of past deeds. Good deeds bring happiness and bad deeds bring sorrow.

  10. Reformer born into Nepal in 560BC. Born high-caste, he saw people of lower castes suffering. He set out to find the cause of misery and enlightenment, and started Buddhism. Siddhartha Gautama

  11. Suffering is universal. Cause of suffering is desire. Only way to end suffering is to crush desire. End desire by following the Noble Eightfold Path. Buddha’s four noble truths.

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