OE -- Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability

1. Overview of NREL Electricity R&D Program and Activities(NRECA Briefing at NREL)ByDick DeBlasio, NREL – Chief Engineer Principal Program Manager for Electricity ProgramsMay 18, 2010

2. OE -- Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability • DOE Goal • Create a more flexible, more reliable, and higher capacity U.S. energy infrastructure • OE GOAL • Lead national efforts to modernize the electric grid, enhance security and reliability of the energy infrastructure, and facilitate recovery from disruptions to the energy supply • OE R&D Strategies & Objectives • Develop High Temperature superconducting (wires & coils) to increase capacity, efficiency, and reliability, of the electric system. • Advance real time visualization and control tools to utilize T&D assets, etc. • Integrate advanced technologies (i.e., renewable, Distributed Generation, storage, load management) Assistant Secretary DOE/OE (Pat Hoffman, Acting) R&D

3. NREL Electricity Program Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability • Distributed Power Generation • Solar Residential/ Commercial PV • Small/Community Wind • Electric Drive Vehicles • Fuel Cells • Micro-turbines/Engines • Central Power Generation • Wind Farms • Concentrating Solar Power • Solar Utility Scale PV • Geothermal • Ocean Wave & Current Advanced Power Management Systems Integration Interconnection Technology Storage Smart-Grid Micro-grids System Impacts Standards and Codes Electric Transmission System Electric Distribution System CHP Load Management • Efficient End Use • Residential Buildings • Commercial Buildings • Solar Heating & Cooling • Electric Drive Vehicles • Industry DeBlasio 7/8/07

4. NREL ELECTRICITY Program R&D Focus Areas Interconnection & interface engineering Test and evaluation Standards, codes, and conformance Renewable systems specific issues DE system modeling and simulation Renewable resource integration Impacts and solutions Advanced technologies, e.g., power electronics (advanced functionality, modular, scalable), and monitoring, information exchange and control, interoperability) New grid architectures, and operations functionality, e.g., Microgrids and Smart Grids 4

5. Today’s Electricity … Tomorrow’s Choices … Power park e - Fuel Cell Hydrogen Storage Wind Farms Remote Loads Industrial DG Fuel Cell Rooftop Photovoltaics SMES e - Smart Substation Load as a resource Combined Heat and Power Grid Modernization

6. Smart Grid DOE defines the Smart Grid as: “an automated, widely distributed energy delivery network characterized by a two-way flow of electricity and information, capable of monitoring and responding to changes in everything from power plants to customer preferences to individual appliances.” • Smart Grids: • Enable High Penetration of Renewables and Distributed Generation • Enable price responsiveness of customers • Allow dispatchable load and storage • Improve energy efficiency

7. FY 2010 Smart Grid Activities at NREL Supports DOE OE Goals for a modern grid with a Smart Electric Delivery System • Development of Interoperability Standards (e.g., IEEE P2030) and Interconnection Standards (e.g. IEEE 1547) • Enable High Penetration of Renewables and Distributed Generation (Grid Integration, e.g., IEEE P1547.8 proposed) • Advanced Distribution System Operations (Microgrids, P1547.4) • Allow dispatchable load and storage (i.e., V2G; part of IEEE proposed P1547.8 Industry Driven/Collaboration with SAE – and related to NIST Priority Action Plans) • Development of Conformance Test Protocols for Smart Grid Technologies (enhanced funding request – TBD)

8. OE DOE NREL FY2010 SG Projects Smart Grid R&D – Sub Program Projects: • Smart Grid Interconnection Standards Development (1547 standards) - PI Tom Basso • Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Development 2030 standards) - PI Tom Basso • Renewable and Distribution Systems Impact R&D PI’s Ben Kroposki and Tom Basso

9. OE Renewable Systems Interconnection • (DER focus) • In FY09, we developed a report discussing fault ride though and short circuit characteristics for inverter-based renewable energy systems. • Published Understanding Fault Characteristics of Inverter-Based Distributed Energy Resources (January 2010) • In FY10 we will continue to evaluate needed testing and modeling to simulate short-circuit and fault-ride through characteristics of inverter based distributed renewable systems. • The goal in FY10 is to develop standard inverter models of short-circuit contributions and fault ride-through capability that could be used to perform studies. (September 2010) • These open source models could then be transitioned to software developer and included in electrical power system simulation packages. Available at: http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/46698.pdf

10. OE Renewable Systems Interconnection • (Distribution System focus) • In FY10 we continue to promote the FY09 report three primary recommendations: • need qualification of the grid; • need qualification of modern interconnection systems (e.g., smart grid concepts beyond IEEE 1547 base standard to allow grid support); and • need modeling and simulation improvements, • e.g., into IEEE P1547.7 draft guide to impact studies for DR interconnection. • Further in FY10 we are establishing example algorithm and model analysis tools (in Distributed Engineering Workstation program) for DR interconnection between the grid and renewable electric distributed energy systems . (Report -- September 2010) • Goal in FY10 is to show “universality” of these example tools and how they may be incorporated by others into multiple software analysis programs; longer term goals are to validate additional example tools so others will establish similar tools to readily understand, quantify and mitigate system impacts from renewable systems integration. → Report documents and evaluates system impacts of DR interconnection to T&D systems (ocus on renewables); it also identifies impact-resolution approaches and challenges -- http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy09osti/44727.pdf

11. Federal 2005 Energy Policy Act: Cites & Requires IEEE 1547 (IEEE Std 1547 Developed By National Team of 444 Professionals) Federal 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act: Established NIST as Lead to Coordinate Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards and Protocols

12. Smart Grid Interconnection and Interoperability • Systems Approach • Interconnection & Interfaces • Technical Standards • Advanced Technologies • Systems Integration Substations Bulk Power Storage sensors EV Distribution System (Also, larger DER on transmission) Load Management Transmission System sensors sensors Communications and Information Technology Information Flow, Data Management, Monitor & Control Combined Heat & Power DE Resources Interconnection Recip. Generator Micro Turbine Fuel Cell sensors Photovoltaics

13. IEEE 1547 Interconnection Standards Urban distribution networks 1547- 2003Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems Identified in Report to NIST 1547.1 - 2005 Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting DR with EPS 1547.2 - 2008 Application Guide for IEEE 1547 Standard for Interconnection of DR with EPS http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/scc21/index.html 1547.3 - 2007 Guide for Monitoring, Information Exchange and Control of DR Current 1547 Projects P1547.4 Guide for Design, Operation, and Integration of DR Island Systems with EPS Microgrids P1547.5 Guidelines for Interconnection of Electric Power Sources Greater Than 10 MVA to the Power Transmission Grid P1547.6 Recommended Practice for Interconnecting DR With EPS Distribution Secondary Networks P1547.7 Draft Guide to Conducting Distribution Impact Studies for Distributed Resource Interconnection

14. IEEE Unifies Power, Communications and IT: Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Project P2030 Information Technologies {data, facts, and knowledge} Communication Technologies {exchange processes for information} P2030 http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/scc21/index.html Power and Energy Technologies [electric power system, end use applications and loads]

15. IEEE P2030 Standards Development Schedule

16. Smart Grid Conformance Testing Power Interface Physically how electricity moves and devices interconnect Smart Grid Interface Interoperability Communications Interface Information Technology Interface What information moves and how information is organized Physically how information moves and devices communicate Accelerate development and adoption of Smart Grid technologies Develop consensus-based standard test protocol Develop interoperability test beds Achieve interoperability between interfaces and devices

17. NREL Smart Grid Testing Grid Simulator Communications/ IT infrastructure Grid Agent/ Smart Meter MV AC Bus LV AC Bus Utility Grid DC Loads Wind Turbines Grid Simulator DC Bus MV Generation AC Loads/ Appliances Microturbines Fuel Cells Building Loads and Demand Response PHEV/V2G Battery Banks Synchronous Generators PV Arrays Energy Storage Inverters

18. In Summary FY 2010 Smart Grid OE Activities at NREL • Development of Interoperability Standards (e.g., IEEE P2030) and Interconnection Standards (e.g. IEEE 1547) • Enable High Penetration of Renewables and Distributed Generation (Grid Integration, e.g., IEEE P1547.8 proposed) • Advanced Distribution System Operations (Microgrids, P1547.4) • Allow dispatchable load and storage (i.e., V2G; part of IEEE proposed P1547.8 Industry Driven/Collaboration with SAE – and related to NIST Priority Action Plans)