How does the immune system work?

1. How does the immune system work? Immune system is main line of defense against illness, so a robust and properly functioning immune system helps you to live a healthy life. Without a healthy immune system, you could pick up infections. Strong immune system helps to fight harmful foreign invaders that enter our body and affect our body's internal environment. what does the immune system do the immune system is spread throughout the body and involves many types of cells, tissues, organs, and proteins. Crucially, it can distinguish our cells or tissues from foreign tissue — self from non-self. Dead and faulty cells are also recognized and cleared away by the immune system. White Blood Cells or Leukocytes play a prominent role in immune system. White blood cells are on constant patrol and looking for pathogens. When they find a target, they begin to multiply and initiate the immune response. There are two main types of leukocyte: Phagocytes, for example neutrophiles or monocytes, they chew up the invading organism Others, called lymphocytes, help the body remember the invaders and destroy them. Lymphocytes begin their life in bone marrow. Some stay in the marrow and develop into B lymphocytes (B cells), others head to the thymus and become T lymphocytes (T cells). These two cell types have different roles: B lymphocytes are like the body's military intelligence system — they find their targets and produce antibodies. T cells are like the soldiers — they destroy the invaders that the intelligence system finds. When the body senses foreign substances (called antigens), the immune system works to recognize the antigens and get rid of them.B lymphocytes are triggered to make antibodies (also called immunoglobulins). These proteins lock onto specific antigens. Each B cell makes one specific antibody. For instance, one might make an antibody against the bacteria that cause pneumonia, and another might recognize the common cold virus. T cells also called killer cells destroy antigens tagged by antibodies and give signal to phagocytes to do their jobs. Everyone’s immune system function is different but, as a general rule, it becomes stronger during adulthood as, by this time, we have been exposed to more pathogens and developed more immunity. Once an antibody has been produced, a copy remains in the body so that if the same antigen appears again, it can be dealt with more quickly.

2. Humans have three types of immunity — innate, adaptive, and passive: Innate immunity: -We are all born with some level of innate immunity to invaders.This innate immunity includes the external barriers of our body — the first line of defense against pathogens — such as the skin and mucous membranes of the throat and gut. Adaptive immunity: - Adaptive (or acquired) immunity develops throughout our lives. We develop adaptive immunity when we're exposed to diseases or when we're immunized against them with vaccines. As we are exposed to diseases or get vaccinated, we build up a library of antibodies to different pathogens. This is sometimes referred to as immunological memory because our immune system remembers previous enemies. Passive immunity: - This type of immunity is “borrowed” from another source, but it does not last indefinitely. For instance, a baby receives antibodies from the mother through the placenta before birth and in breast milk following birth. This passive immunity protects the baby from some infections during the early years of their life. The immune system is incredibly complicated and utterly vital for our survival. Several different systems and cell types work in perfect synchrony throughout the body to fight off pathogens and clear up dead cells. Source url - https://weightlossbeautycare.blogspot.com/2020/08/how-does-immune-system- work.html