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The Kennedy and Johnson Years

The Kennedy and Johnson Years. 1960 – 1968. The Election of 1960. John F. Kennedy Mass. Democrat Roman Catholic 43 Richard M. Nixon Cal. Republican Vice President Television Debates http://www.history.com/video.do?name=elections&bcpid=1753161852&bclid=1811598662&bctid=1815667879

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The Kennedy and Johnson Years

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  1. The Kennedy and Johnson Years 1960 – 1968

  2. The Election of 1960 • John F. Kennedy • Mass. Democrat • Roman Catholic • 43 • Richard M. Nixon • Cal. Republican • Vice President • Television Debates • http://www.history.com/video.do?name=elections&bcpid=1753161852&bclid=1811598662&bctid=1815667879 • One of the closest election in U.S. History • “Camelot” • The New Frontier • “Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country”

  3. Election of 1960

  4. First Televised Presidential Debates

  5. JFK’s Cabinet“The Brain Trust” • VP-Lyndon B. Johnson • Sec. of State-Dean Rusk • Sec. of Defense-Robert McNamara • Attorney General-Bobby Kennedy

  6. New Frontier • The Economy • Minimum wage increased • Combating Poverty and Inequality • Michael Harrington’s The Other America • Wants direct aid • 24th Amendment (Poll Taxes) • The Space Program • NASA • Alan Shepard • John Glenn • 1969 – moon landing

  7. Kennedy and the Cold War • Continues peacetime military build-up • Nuclear and conventional weapons • Bay of Pigs and Operation Mongoose (1960 – 1961) • Failed attempts at invasion of Cuba and assassination of Castro by CIA • Peace Corps (est. 1961) • Young volunteers to third world countries (very popular) • Alliance for Progress (1961) • Latin American “Marshall Plan”, failed

  8. Kennedy and the Cold War • Berlin Wall • Built in August 1961 – “ich bin eine Berliner” • Cuban Missile Crisis (October, 1962) • Krushchev and Kennedy face off • Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (July, 1963) • Banned atmospheric testing • Moscow-D.C. “hotline”

  9. Accomplishments • 1961-Berlin Crisis (“Ich bin ein Berliner”) • 1962-Cuban Missile Crisis (Hey, we didn’t all die) • 1963-First arms talks with Soviets • Mild support for federal civil rights laws • Peace Corps

  10. Some Kennedy Era Images

  11. Freedom Rides-1961

  12. Failures • 1961-Bay of Pigs Invasion (kind of the reason we had to avoid death in the Missile Crisis) • Nuclear Build-up • No federal civil rights laws passed • 16,000 American troops sent to Vietnam • Tacit support for the assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem

  13. Kennedy is Assassinated • November 22, 1963 • Dallas Texas • Warren Commission • Lee Harvey Oswald • Jack Ruby

  14. Kennedy Assassination • http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x3fhw1_jfk-assassination-digitally-remaste_news

  15. Election of 1964

  16. The Great Society • LBJ’s Path to the White House • 1964 election • LBJ to continue Kennedy’s policies • Barry Goldwater (R) ran on conservative platform (Reagan 1980) • http://www.history.com/video.do?name=elections&bcpid=1753161852&bclid=1811598662&bctid=1815667879 • Building the Great Society • The Tax Cut – economic boom • The War on Poverty – cost billions • Equal Opportunity Act • HUD • Aid to Education • Medicare (1965) and Medicaid • Immigration Reform • First come, first serve basis

  17. The Great Society (cont.) • Earl Warren • Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) – right to a lawyer, even if you can’t afford one • Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) – right to a lawyer at time of arrest • Miranda v. Arizona (1966) – informed of rights • School prayer banned (1962) • Effects of the Great Society • Mixed Results • Nobody did more for the poor and civil rights • Costly programs and Vietnam

  18. The Great Society and War on Poverty • Medicare (1965) • Department of Transportation • Dept. of Housing and Urban Development • Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965 • Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Voting Rights Act of 1965 • 24th Amendment: no poll taxes • Open Housing Act • Elementary and Secondary Education Act • Office of Economic Opportunity, Head Start, Job Corps, minimum wage law • Development funds for Appalachia

  19. LBJ’s Foreign Policy • Vietnam • Kennedy increased advisors • November 1963 coup in South Vietnam (supported by U.S.) Would Kennedy have withdrawn? • Aug. 1964, Gulf of Tonkin Resolution • 1965 – 184,000 troops • 1966 – 385,000 troops • 1967 – 485,000 troops • 1968 – 538,000 troops

  20. Vietnam • Commitment to containment and “domino theory” lead to increasing American involvement • 1964-Gulf of Tonkin Resolution • 1967-S.Vietnam becomes a democracy • 1968-Tet Offensive

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