Chapter 13 Section 2

1. Chapter 13 Section 2 Feudalism and the Manorial System

2. Feudalism • 900s: most of Europe was governed by local lords • This political and social organization led by these independent leaders became known as feudalism

3. FEUDALISM KING LORD KNIGHTS PEASANTS

4. Feudalism • A noble grants land to a lesser noble • In return gets loyalty, military assistance, and other services • Fief: grant of land given by a lord • Vassal- person who receives the grant • The vassal could divide his land and give it to knights • then the vassal becomes a lord

5. Feudalism • Primogeniture- a system of inheritance from father to oldest son • Women may receive land in a dowry • Remains the property of her husband • Lords: vassals to the king • Medieval church also practiced feudalism • granted fiefs in return for military protection and service

6. Manorial System • Economic system; large farming estates that included manor houses, cultivated lands, woodlands, pastures, fields, and villages • Self sufficient societies: food, clothing, and shelter • Peasants: • worked the land -shared crops • provided services -paid taxes

7. Manorial System • Located along a stream or river for water power • Houses surround the castle for safety • The village, vegetable plots, cultivated fields, pastures, and forests make up the outer area

8. Peasant Life • Serfs- peasants; could not leave the land w/o the lord’s permission • Work: long hrs. in fields • Meals- black bread, lentils, some vegetables • Short life expectancies

9. Castles • Fortified base for the lord to protect the surrounding country side • Structures made of earth and wood, stone • Usually built on hills • If on flat land a moat was built • The “keep”: a strong tower with workshops, barracks, and the lord’s living quarters

12. Warfare • Knights wore armor in battle and were heavily armed • Chain mail- small interlocking metal links • Iron helmets, a sword, large shield, and a lance

13. Feudal Justice • Trial by battle- a duel between accuser and accused; determined guilt or innocence • Compurgation- supporters swear that their person was telling the truth • Trial by ordeal- accused had to either: • carry a piece of hot iron • plunge his hand in a pot of boiling water • survive extended immersion in cold water

14. Chivalry • A system of rules that dictated knights’ behavior towards others • Young boys work as pages/squires under a knight • Learn knightly manners and care for weapons • Takes care of the knight’s horse, armor, and weapons • If the squire proves himself in battle= knight

15. Code of Chivalry • Be courageous in battle • Loyal to friends and keep his word • Courteous to women and the less powerful • Required to extend courtesy only to his own class

16. Coat of Arms (Heraldry) • A graphic symbol that identified a knight -Represented his personal characteristics in battle • Painted or stitched onto the knight’s shield, his outer coat, or his horse’s trappings • Passed on through the generations

17. Royal Spanish Coat of Arms

18. Prince Charles of Wales

19. City of Pittsburgh