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East Africa

East Africa. Preview Section 1: Natural Environments Section 2: History and Culture Section 3: The Region Today Chapter Wrap-Up. Section 1: Natural Environments. Read to Discover What landforms, rivers, and lakes are found in East Africa, and what physical processes have shaped the land?

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East Africa

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  1. East Africa Preview Section 1:Natural Environments Section 2:History and Culture Section 3:The Region Today Chapter Wrap-Up

  2. Section 1: Natural Environments Read to Discover • What landforms, rivers, and lakes are found in East Africa, and what physical processes have shaped the land? • Why does East Africa have a variety of climates and biomes, and on what natural resources does the region depend?

  3. Section 1: Natural Environments Question What landforms, rivers, and lakes are found in East Africa?

  4. Section 1: Natural Environments Lakes • Lake Victoria • Lake Albert • Lake Tanganyika • Lake Turkana • Lake Malawi Rivers Landforms • Blue Nile (flows from Ethiopian highlands) • White Nile (flows from Lake Victoria) • Nile (combined flows of Blue Nile and White Nile) • Western and Eastern Rift Valleys (tectonic) • Kilimanjaro (volcanic) • Ethiopian highlands (volcanic) • Sudd (water from White Nile)

  5. Section 1: Natural Environments • Latitude and elevation influence climate along the equator; highland elevations produce cooler climates, more rainfall, and thicker forests. • Farther north and south, seasonal droughts are common; vegetation is limited and animal life threatened. • Tsetse fly permits survival of native animal species by making livestock raising difficult. • Resources are limited (some oil, gems, gold); most important are rich highland soils (for farming) and scenic beauty (for tourism). Climates, Biomes, and Resources

  6. Section 2: History and Culture Read to Discover • What were some important developments in East Africa’s early history? • How did European exploration and colonization affect the region? • What are the peoples and cultures of East Africa like today?

  7. Section 2: History and Culture Question Who are the important peoples in East Africa’s early history?

  8. Kush Aksum Arabs • Controlled much of the Nile • Capital at Meroë, world’s largest cluster of pyramids • Conquered the Kush by 350 • Controlled western Arabia • Adopted Christianity • Sailed along coast, established ports for trade • Swahili language developed from trade Section 2: History and Culture Early History of East Africa Earliest Peoples • No written histories • Oral tradition

  9. Section 2: History and Culture European Influence • 1500s—First Portuguese trading ports established • Mid-1800s—Explorers, missionaries, and traders moved inland • Late 1800s—Europeans grabbed colonies, drew arbitrary borders • Colonial rule—Export economies (plantations, mines); building of modern cities • Independence—Leaders of new nations were often European-educated

  10. Section 2: History and Culture Peoples and Cultures • Several hundred ethnic groups • Three language families—Nilotic, Cushitic, Bantu • Arabic and South Asian peoples on the coast • Importance of religion and family—Animist faiths, Christianity, Islam • Foods—Boiled sorghum, sour milk, roast beef and lamb, Western foods, injera bread

  11. Section 3: The Region Today Read to Discover • What roles do agriculture, industry, trade, and tourism play in the economies of East Africa? • What are the region’s cities like? • What issues and challenges do East Africans face?

  12. Section 3: The Region Today • Farming (usually small-scale subsistence)—Beans, corn, rice, sorghum, wheat, coffee, cotton, sugarcane, tea, cloves, coconuts • Herding—Cattle, goats, sheep • Gathering wild plant products—Coffee beans and gum arabic • Raw material exports • Manufacturing—basic consumer goods, foods, and building materials • Tourism—Great potential; animals, scenery, events draw tourists; provides jobs and market for arts and crafts; need to reduce political violence and preserve the environment East African Economies

  13. Section 3: The Region Today Question What are the region’s largest cities?

  14. City Description Section 3: The Region Today Largest city and capital of Ethiopia, headquarters of regional organizations Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Nairobi, Kenya Region’s most important commercial center Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Vital seaport, transportation hub Khartoum and Omdurman, Sudan Largest cities in Sudan, face each other across Nile

  15. Section 3: The Region Today • Population growth—Contributes to many problems • Ethnic conflicts—Often over land and access to aid and jobs • Building stable governments • Promoting economic progress • Protecting the environment • Providing for health and education Issues and Challenges

  16. Chapter Wrap-UpUnderstanding the Main Ideas 1. How does elevation affect climate in East Africa? 2. What are two ways that Arab traders influenced East African languages and religion? 3. How have other cultures changed the traditional religions and diet of East Africa? 4. What activities form the basis of the region’s economy? 5. Why does tourism hold great economic potential for the region?

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