East Africa

1. East Africa Mr. Jeremy Rinkel

2. Kenya • Capital: Nairobi • Population: 34,707,817 • Natural Resources: limestone, gypsum, wildlife • Environmental Issues: water pollution, deforestation, poaching

3. Kenya • Slightly smaller than the state of Texas • Indian Ocean borders Kenya on the East • Coral is a hard, rocklike material made of the skeletons of small sea animals. • Reef is a narrow ridge of coral, rock or sand at or near the water surface • Very popular beaches are located here

4. The Plains • Vast plains cover ¾ of Kenya • Very few people live in the plains, cattle herders and nomads move through • The plain is home to: • Antelopes, water buffaloes, elephants • Giraffes, lions, and zebras

5. The Highlands • Are made up of mostly mountains • Home to fertile soil and 75% of the people • The Great Rift Valley is located in Western Kenya • Fault- crack in the earth • Escarpments- steep cliffs • Mount Kenya- highest peak is 17,057 feet

6. The Climate • Equator passes through the middle of Kenya • Mostly a savanna or steppe climate • The coast is hot and humid year around • Mild climate and fertile soil make highlands important farming area

7. The Economy • Developing economy based on free enterprise • 50% of farm products are subsistence food crops • Corn, bananas, beans, cassava • Cash crops are cultivated for exports • Coffee and tea are the main source for income

8. Industries • No major mineral deposits • Encourage manufacturing • Cement, chemicals, light machinery, household appliances • Tourism • Many tourists visit and take trips called safaris • Parks are set up to protect endangered animals • Poachers- are people who hunt & kill animals illegally

9. The People • Harambee- means “pulling together” • Many different ethnic groups speak many languages

10. The People • It is a challenge to provide enough food and jobs for the people • Over 40 different ethnic groups • 73% live in rural villages • 27% live in cities • Mombasa- is an important Indian Ocean port

11. Tanzania • Capital: Dar es Salaam • Population: 37,445,392 • Natural Resources: hydropower, tin, phosphates • Environmental issues: soil degradation, deforestation, droughts

12. Tanzania • Located mostly on the mainland, but also includes several small coral islands • Mount Kilimanjaro is the best known site • Coastline- white beaches and palm trees • Inland- elevation rises (humid lowlands and dry plateaus • North- Mountainous area where Kilimanjaro is located

13. Tanzania • Western Tanzania is part of the Great African Rift Valley • Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa • Lake Tanganyika- deepest point in Africa • Unusual fish live in the deep dark water • Wildlife (thousands of square miles set aside to protect wildlife • Serengenti National Park • Home to lions, antelopes and zebra • During dry season, animals roam the plains in search of water

14. Economy • Is a developing economy based on agriculture • Manufacturing is small • Rich in mineral resources such as gold and diamonds • Raise livestock or farm on small plots of land

15. Economy • Government-run farms grow cash crops for exports • Coffee, cotton, tea, tobacco • Sisal- a plant fiber used in making rope and twine • Cloves- a spice made from buds of clove trees

16. People • Over 120 ethnic groups live in Tanzania • No single group controls the country • 80% live in rural villages

17. Uganda • Capital: Kampala • Population: 28,195,754 • Natural Resources: copper, cobalt, hydropower • Environmental issues: draining of wetlands for agriculture use, soil erosion, poaching

18. Uganda • Lies in the highlands region of East Africa • North- covered by plateaus • Center- large area of marshes and lakes • Water from Lake Victoria forms the source for the Nile River • Southern- covered by thick forests • East and West Uganda are mountainous • Equator crosses southern Uganda • Temperatures are mild due to the elevation

19. Economy • Agriculture is the most important economic activity • Most productive areas lie along the West and North of Lake Victoria • Coffee is the largest export • Cotton, sugarcane, and tea are valuable exports

20. People • 2/3 of the people live in the fertile south • Home to more than 20 ethnic groups • Autonomy- self-government • Won independence from the British

21. Rwanda • Capital: Kigali • Population: 8,648,248 • Natural Resources: gold, tin ore, methane • Environmental issues: deforestation, soil erosion/exhaustion

22. Rwanda • Located south of the equator • High altitudes provide a mild climate • Lie on ridge that separates the Nile and Congo River watersheds • An area drained by a river

23. Rwanda • Most people are farmers • Fishing is also important to the economy along the lakes • Very few valuable minerals • Very few paved roads • Most exports are transported by boats on Lake Tanganyinka

24. Rwanda • Smallest and most crowded nations in Africa • Majority of the population belong to two ethnic groups • Hutus and Tutsis • Civil War- fighting within a country • 1994- fighting broke out between Hutus & Tutsis • Refugees- are people who must flee his orher home and seek safety elsewhere • 2 million moved to surrounding countries

25. Burundi • Capital: Bujumbura • Population: 8,090,068 • Natural Resources: nickel, uranium, copper • Environmental issues: overgrazing, habitat loss

26. Burundi • Landlocked • Very mountainous • Akanuaru and Kagera rivers separate Burundi from Rwanda

27. Section 4 The Horn of Africa

28. Sudan • Capital: Khartoum • Population: 41,236,378 • Natural resources: iron ore, copper, petroleum • Environmental Issues: excessive hunting, periodic drought, desertification

29. Sudan • Largest country in Africa • 1/3 the size of the United States • North- mostly desert made up of bare rocks and sand dunes • 2 branches of the Nile River meet • South-humid tropical rainforests and swamps • One of the leading producers of cotton

30. People • North- 2/3 are Muslim Arabs • South- various ethnic groups- Christian and African groups • Has been torn by Civil War • Drought- an extended dry period • Since the early 1990s, created a lot of suffering

31. Ethiopia • Capital: Addis Ababa • Population: 74,777,981 • Natural Resources: gold, platinum, copper • Environmental issues: deforestation

32. Ethiopia • Landlocked mountainous country • Mild temperatures and fertile soil on plateaus for farming • Home to deep gorges and spectacular waterfalls • Most live on the high plateaus

33. People • One of the world’s oldest countries • Mountains kept it isolated and independent for years • Struggling to build a democracy • 16% live in urban areas • Over 70 different languages are spoken

34. Eritrea • Capital: Asmara • Population: 4,786,994 • Natural Resources: gold, zinc, fish • Environmental issues: soil erosion, loss of infrastructure due to civil war, deforestation

35. Eritrea • Won independence from Ethiopia in 1993 • Lies on the Red Sea • One of the hottest and driest areas in Africa • Farming is difficult due to the climate

36. Somalia • Capital: Mogadishu • Population: 8,863,338 • Natural resources: uranium, copper, natural gas • Environmental issues: famine, overgrazing, health problems due to water

37. Somalia • Very hot and dry • ½ of population is nomads • Southern- rivers provide water for irrigation • Sugarcane and citrus fruits • Most Somalis speak either Somali or Arabic • Clans- groups of people related to one another • Disagreements have led to civil war

38. Somalia • Droughts and famine starved thousands to death • Fierce fighting kept the food from getting to the people who need it most

39. Djibouti • Capital: Djibouti • Population: 486,530 • Natural Resources: geothermal areas, gold, limestone • Environmental issues: inadequate water, limited arable land, endangered species

40. Djibouti • Mostly Muslims and nomads • Income comes from shipping • Farming is difficult due to the dry land • Railroad line into Ethiopia make Djibouti an outlet for Ethiopia’s products