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Computer SCIENCE

Data Representation and Machine Concepts. Computer SCIENCE. Section 1.2. Instructor: Lin Chen. August 2013. 1 Data Storage. 1.2 Main Memory. Memory Organization Measuring Memory Capacity. 1.2 Main Memory. Memory Organization. Computer Architecture. Input. Output. 1.2 Main Memory.

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Computer SCIENCE

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  1. Data Representation and Machine Concepts Computer SCIENCE Section 1.2 Instructor: Lin Chen August 2013

  2. 1 Data Storage 1.2 Main Memory Memory Organization Measuring Memory Capacity

  3. 1.2 Main Memory Memory Organization Computer Architecture Input Output

  4. 1.2 Main Memory Memory Organization Memory consists of units Each unit is called a cell Cell

  5. 1.2 Main Memory Memory Organization Memory consists of units Each unit is called a cell … … Cell 5 Cell 4 Cell 3 Cell 2 Cell 1 Cell 0

  6. 1.2 Main Memory Memory Organization Memory consists of units Each unit is called a cell … … Cell 5 Cell 4 Cell 3 Cell 2 Cell 1 Cell 0 Each cell contains 8 bits, called 1 byte 8 bits = 1 byte

  7. 1.2 Main Memory Memory Organization Memory consists of units Each unit is called a cell … … Cell 5 Cell 4 Cell 3 Cell 2 Cell 1 Cell 0 Index 76543210 High-order end 10111010 Low-order end Most significant bit Least significant bit

  8. 1.2 Main Memory Memory Organization Save content into the memory Address …

  9. 1.2 Main Memory Memory Organization Save content into the memory Address …

  10. 1.2 Main Memory Memory Organization Save content into the memory Address …

  11. 1.2 Main Memory Memory Organization RAM A random-access device, allows stored data to be accessed directly in any random order Read number from address 03 Return 10011001 Write 10010001 to address 02

  12. 1.2 Main Memory Memory Organization DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) Each bit of data is stored in a separate capacitor The capacitor charge need refresh periodically Responds as quickly as possible to changes in control inputs SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM) wait for a clock signal before responding to control inputs Only one word of data is transmitted per clock cycle DDR Two words are transmitted per clock cycle http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_dynamic_random-access_memory

  13. 1.1 Bits and Their Storage Measuring Memory Capacity 32-bits system and 64-bits system 32 bits physical address or 64 bits physical address 8 bit address (Hexadecimal) 28 bytes 10 bits 210= 1024 bytes 1000 bytes KB kilo byte 20 bits 220 = 210210 = 1024 KB mega byte MB 20 bits 230 = 1024 MB GB giga byte 20 bits 240 = 1024 GB tera byte TB

  14. 1.1 Bits and Their Storage Boolean Operations Questions: What is the memory in your notebook, SDRAM or DDR, DDR2, DDR3? What is the transmit speed of your memory? What is the capacity of your memory? What is your CPU frequency?

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