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chemistry

chemistry. 23.4. Polymerization. Snap beads are a favorite toy for toddlers. Chemical compounds called monomers and polymers resemble snap beads. Monomers are joined end-to-end to form long chains called polymers. You will learn about monomers and polymers. 23.4. Addition Polymers.

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chemistry

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  1. chemistry

  2. 23.4 Polymerization • Snap beads are a favorite toy for toddlers. Chemical compounds called monomers and polymers resemble snap beads. Monomers are joined end-to-end to form long chains called polymers. You will learn about monomers and polymers.

  3. 23.4 Addition Polymers • Addition Polymers • How does an addition polymer form?

  4. 23.4 Addition Polymers • A polymer is a large molecule formed by the covalent bonding of repeating smaller molecules. • The smaller molecules that combine to form a polymer are called monomers.

  5. 23.4 Addition Polymers • An addition polymer forms when unsaturated monomers react to form a polymer.

  6. 23.4 Addition Polymers • Polyethylene is used to make many household items, including plastic bottles, bags, and food containers.

  7. 23.4 Addition Polymers • Polypropylene, a stiffer polymer than polyethylene, is used to make plastic utensils and containers, and other items such as this whistle.

  8. 23.4 Addition Polymers • Polypropylene is prepared by the polymerization of propene.

  9. 23.4 Addition Polymers • Polystyrene foam is a poor heat conductor, useful for insulating homes and for molded items such as coffee cups and picnic coolers.

  10. 23.4 Addition Polymers • Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is used for pipes in plumbing. It is also produced in sheets, sometimes with a fabric backing, for use as a tough plastic upholstery covering.

  11. 23.4 Addition Polymers • Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a halocarbon polymer. Vinyl chloride is the monomer of polyvinyl chloride.

  12. 23.4 Addition Polymers • Polytetrafluoroethene (Teflon™or PTFE) is the product of the polymerization of tetrafluoroethene monomers.

  13. 23.4 Addition Polymers • PTFE is very resistant to heat and chemical corrosion. It is used to coat cookware and to insulate wires, cables, motors, and generators.

  14. 23.4 Addition Polymers • Rubber is harvested from tropical plants and is used in a variety of products.

  15. 23.4 Addition Polymers • Polyisoprene, harvested from tropical plants such as a rubber tree, is the polymer that constitutes rubber.

  16. 23.4 Condensation Polymers • Condensation Polymers • How are condensation polymers formed?

  17. 23.4 Condensation Polymers • Condensation polymers are formed by the head-to-tail joining of monomer units.

  18. 23.4 Condensation Polymers • Polyesters are made by linking dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy alcohols. The polyester polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is formed from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol.

  19. 23.4 Condensation Polymers • Woven Dacron (PET fibers) tubing can be used to replace major blood vessels.

  20. 23.4 Condensation Polymers • Polyamides are polymers in which the carboxylic acid and amine monomer units are linked by amide bonds.

  21. 23.4 Condensation Polymers • The representative polymer unit of nylon is derived from 6-aminohexanoic acid, a compound that contains both carboxyl and amino functional groups.

  22. 23.4 Condensation Polymers • Nylon fibers are used for carpeting, tire cord, fishing lines, sheer hosiery, and textiles.

  23. 23.4 Condensation Polymers • Kevlar™is a polyamide made from terephthalic acid and p-phenylenediamine.

  24. 23.4 Condensation Polymers • Kevlar is used extensively where strength and flame resistance are needed. Bulletproof vests are made of Kevlar.

  25. 23.4 Section Quiz. • 23.4.

  26. 23.4 Section Quiz. • 1. A reactant used to form addition polymers must • be saturated. • be unsaturated. • be an alkane. • contain only single C-C bonds.

  27. 23.4 Section Quiz. • 2. The physical properties of addition polymers are controlled by adjusting the • length of the carbon chain. • temperature of the reaction. • catalyst used in the reaction. • number of substituents.

  28. 23.4 Section Quiz. • 3. When water is produced as a polymer forms, the polymer is most likely • a condensation polymer. • an addition polymer. • polyethylene. • a dicarboxylic acid.

  29. Concept Map 23 Concept Map 23 Create your Concept Map using the computer.

  30. END OF SHOW

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