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Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology. The European Science Foundation definition. Nanoscale was seen to range from 1 to 1000 nm. Nano size: Generally 1-100 nm. Particle size classification. 1 nm Chemical drug 5 nm Protein 10 nm DNA 20-50 nm Blood vessel pore 50 nm Carbon nanotube

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Nanotechnology

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  1. Nanotechnology The European Science Foundation definition Nanoscale was seen to range from 1 to 1000 nm Nano size: Generally 1-100 nm

  2. Particle size classification • 1 nm Chemical drug • 5 nm Protein • 10 nm DNA • 20-50 nm Blood vessel pore • 50 nm Carbon nanotube • 100-500 nm Liposome nanoparticle • 1000 nm (1 µm) bacteria • 10 µm Cell • 50 µm Human hair

  3. Cell membrane pore A side view of a pore (blue dots) in the water-channel protein AQP1, which pierces the cell membrane. Cell exterior is at top, interior at bottom. The pore is about 2.8 angstroms across at its narrowest.

  4. Advantages of nanoparticles Advantage of nanoparticles - To deliver more effectively: Enhance amount permeate at favorable site, sustain release of actives, increase mucoadhesive (liposome, neosome, nanoparticle, microemulsion, nanoemulsion) • Nano-powder (Zno, TiO2 etc) • Carbon nanotube

  5. Titanium dioxide nano powder

  6. Toxicology of nanoparticles • Size • Surface area • Surface chemistry • Solubility • Shape • Material type 1) biodegradable 2) Non-biodegradable * Depend on phagocytic clearance

  7. Exposure routes

  8. Phagocytosis 1 2 Most Dangerous 3

  9. Limited Experimental toxicology of manufactured nanomaterials reported to date • Fullerenes • Carbon nanotube • Metal oxide nanoparticles (ZnO, TiO2)

  10. Eight allotropes of carbon: a) Diamond, b) Graphite, c) Lonsdaleite, d) C60 (Buckminsterfullerene or buckyball), e) C540, f) C70, g) Amorphous carbon, and h) single-walled carbon nanotube or buckytube.

  11. Research work in nanoparticles toxicology • Use carbon single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) as model SWCT do not induce cell damage but stimulate fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis→ Lung Fibrosis Small well disperse SWCNT penetrate lung tissue more efficiently than agglomeration SWCT induce angiogenesis

  12. Nanomaterialization of Chitin-chitosan: Approaches and potential applications • Nanomaterials: the materials which exhibit the special properties due to the function in nanometer range

  13. Formation of nanomaterials • Molecolar Architecture: Building from molecular components, Chemical modification • Size reduction: Constructing from large entities, Depolymerization

  14. Chitosan Nanosphere • Synthesis • Organic base system: mPEG grafted phthaloylchitin • Water base system: Chitosan-mPEG-CA

  15. Increasing Water Content Normal Mice- llar Phase Mixed Phase Hexagonal Phase Mixed Phase Reversed Mice- llar Phase Lamellar Phase Self assembly property

  16. PEG

  17. UV-screening Nanocarrier Based on polyvinylalcohol-co-vinylcinnamate • Chemical modification Amphiphilic polymer: self-assembly: PVA combined UV protective substances

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