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Introduction to Web Pages

Introduction to Web Pages. Lecture Overview. Evolution of the Internet and Web Web Protocols. History of the Internet. It began as the ARPANET It became NSFNET while funded by the National Science Foundation There was no WWW It was really just FTP and e-mail and Usenet news

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Introduction to Web Pages

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  1. Introduction to Web Pages

  2. Lecture Overview • Evolution of the Internet and Web • Web Protocols

  3. History of the Internet • It began as the ARPANET • It became NSFNET while funded by the National Science Foundation • There was no WWW • It was really just FTP and e-mail and Usenet news • There were no search engines

  4. History of the Web • In 1991, Tim Berners-Lee created the Web at the Particle Physics Laboratory in Cern Switzerland • He established the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 1994 to foster international standards • Today the W3C defines standards for most Web-based protocols

  5. The Web Today • Web 2.0 is a group of technologies described by social networking and user collaboration • Web 3.0 is a group of future data-driven and semantic concepts • These are not specific technologies and you cannot buy them

  6. Internet / Web Standards • Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) • The Internet Architecture Board (IAB)is a standing committee of the IETF • They publish RFCs • The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) publishes standards for the Web

  7. Internet Protocols • The Internet is built from a “stack” of protocols • At the bottom, there is IP (a connectionless unreliable protocol) • TCP lives on top of IP (a connected reliable protocol) • And all the services we know live on top of TCP / IP

  8. Internet Services • FTP – File Transfer Protocol • Mail protocols • Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) • Post Office Protocol (POP3) • Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) • HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol • This is how we move Web pages • And many more

  9. A Brief History of HTML • 1989: Created by Tim Berners-Lee • 1994: HTML specification released along with DTD Netscape formed W3C was formed • 1995 HTML3 draft (draft expired) Internet Explorer released Cascading Style Sheets

  10. A Brief History of HTML • 1997: Html 4.0 Draft1999: HTML 4.012001 : XHTML 1.1 (XHTML 2.0 died) • 2008: HTML5 working draft XHTML5 drafted along side HTML5

  11. Web Markup Languages • In the beginning there was the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) • It was unruly • HTML was created to “markup” Web pages • XML was created to represent just about any kind of data • XHTML is HTML written in XML • HTML 5 is the next generation of HTML • We will use XHTML and HTML 5 in this course • They are not all that different

  12. The World Wide Web Consortium • The W3C is the standards setting body for various protocols • HTTP • XHTML • XML • And many more • Visit www.w3.org

  13. Web Page Round Trip Client (Request) Server(Receive) Client (Render) Server(Send HTML) Server(Process)

  14. A Word about Web Browsers • Everyone has their favorite • IE, FireFox, Chrome, … • As we begin to program more, we will learn about differences between one browser and the next and the challenges of programming against different browsers • Not to mention the mobile world

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