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Jefferson Lab E06-010 Collaboration

Jefferson Lab E06-010 Collaboration. Institutions

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Jefferson Lab E06-010 Collaboration

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  1. Jefferson Lab E06-010 Collaboration Institutions CMU, Cal-State LA, Duke, Florida International, Hampton, UIUC, JLab, Kharkov, Kentucky, Kent State, Kyungpook National South Korea, LANL, Lanzhou Univ. China, Longwood Univ. Umass, Mississippi State, MIT, UNH, ODU, Rutgers, Syracuse, Temple, UVa, William & Mary, Univ. Sciences & Tech China, Inst. of Atomic Energy China, Seoul National South Korea, Glasgow, INFN Roma and Univ. Bari Italy, Univ. Blaise Pascal France, Univ. of Ljubljana Slovenia, Yerevan Physics Institute Armenia. Collaboration members K. Allada, K. Aniol, J.R.M. Annand, T. Averett, F. Benmokhtar, W. Bertozzi, P.C. Bradshaw, P. Bosted, A. Camsonne, M. Canan, G.D. Cates, C. Chen, , J.-P. Chen (Co-SP), W. Chen, K. Chirapatpimol, E. Chudakov, , E. Cisbani(Co-SP), J. C. Cornejo, F. Cusanno, M. M. Dalton, W. Deconinck, P.A.M. Dolph , C. de Jager, R. De Leo, X. Deng, A. Deur, H. Ding, C. Dutta, C. Dutta, D. Dutta, L. El Fassi, S. Frullani, H. Gao(Co-SP), F. Garibaldi, D. Gaskell, S. Gilad, R. Gilman, O. Glamazdin, S. Golge, L. Guo, D. Hamilton, O. Hansen, D.W. Higinbotham, T. Holmstrom, J. Huang, M. Huang, H. Ibrahim, M. Iodice, X. Jiang (Co-SP), G. Jin, M. Jones, J. Katich, A. Kelleher, A. Kolarkar, W. Korsch, J.J. LeRose, X. Li, Y. Li, R. Lindgren, N. Liyanage, E. Long, H.-J. Lu, D.J. Margaziotis, P. Markowitz, S. Marrone, D. McNulty, Z.-E. Meziani, R. Michaels, B. Moffit, C. Munoz Camacho, S. Nanda, A. Narayan, V. Nelyubin, B. Norum, Y. Oh, M. Osipenko, D. Parno, , J. C. Peng(Co-SP), S. K. Phillips, M. Posik, A. Puckett, X. Qian, Y. Qiang, A. Rakhman, R. Ransome, S. Riordan, A. Saha, B. Sawatzky,E. Schulte, A. Shahinyan, M. Shabestari, S. Sirca, S. Stepanyan, R. Subedi, V. Sulkosky, L.-G. Tang, A. Tobias, G.M. Urciuoli, I. Vilardi, K. Wang, Y. Wang, B. Wojtsekhowski, X. Yan, H. Yao, Y. Ye, Z. Ye, L. Yuan, X. Zhan, Y. Zhang, Y.-W. Zhang, B. Zhao, X. Zheng, L. Zhu, X. Zhu, X. Zong.

  2. Neutron Transversity: Current Status and the Future XinQian Kellogg Radiation Lab Caltech

  3. TMD f1u(x,kT)‏ Transverse Momentum Dependent PDFs

  4. Nucleon Spin Leading-Twist TMD PDFs Quark Spin h1= Boer-Mulders f1 = h1L= Worm Gear (Kotzinian-Mulders) Helicity g1 = h1= Transversity f1T= g1T= h1T= Sivers Worm Gear Pretzelosity : Survive trans. momentum integration

  5. Separation of Collins, Sivers and pretzelocity effects through angular dependence

  6. Rich Physics in TMDs (Transversity) • Some characteristics of transversity • h1T = g1Lfor non-relativistic quarks • No gluon transversity in nucleon • Soffer’s bound |h1T| <= (f1+g1L)/2 Violation of Soffer bound due to QCD confiment? J. P. Ralston arxiv:0810.0871 • Chiral-odd → difficult to access in inclusive DIS • Tensor Charge: Integration of transversity over x. • Calculable in LQCD q q Helicity state N N

  7. Parton Distributions (CTEQ6) (Torino) Transversity Unpolarized Helicity

  8. Rich Physics in TMDs (Sivers Function) • Correlation between nucleon spin with quark orbital angular momentum Burkhardt : chromodynamic lensing Important test for Factorization Final-State-Interaction

  9. Experiments on polarized ``neutron’’ urgently needed!! u quark dominated Sensitive to d quark Sensitive to d quark Sensitive to u quark

  10. E06-010 Setup 16o g* BigBite 30o HRSL p e’ Polarized 3He Target e Two large installation Devices: 3He target + BigBite Spectrometer. • Electron beam: E = 5.9 GeV • 40 cm transversely polarized 3He • BigBite at 30o as electron arm: Pe = 0.6 ~ 2.5 GeV/c • HRSL at 16o as hadron arm: Ph = 2.35 GeV/c • Average beam current 12 uA(15 uA in proposal) • Average 3He polarization is ~55%. (42% in proposal)

  11. Why Polarized 3He Target ? S S’ D Effective Polarized Neutron Target! Pioneer studies performed at KRL ~90% ~1.5% ~8% High luminosity: L(n) = 1036 cm-2 s-1 20 mins spin exchange with K/Rb hybrid cells Reached a steady 60% polarization with 15 mA beam and 20 minute spin flip! A NEW RECORD! Thanks to the hard work of the entire target group!

  12. High Resolution Spectrometer • Left HRS to detect hadrons of ph = 2.35 GeV/c • Gas Cherenkov + VDC + Scintillator +Lead-glass detectors • Aerogel Cherenkov counter • n = 1.015 • RICH detector • n = 1.30 • Kaon detection: • A1: Pion rejection > 90 % • RICH: K/p separation ~ 4 s • TOF: K/p separation ~ 4 s s < 400 ps p p K p K ep Coincidence Time Cherenkov Ring From RICH 4 σ Separation

  13. Electron Arm: BigBite Shower system Wire chamber Optics Slot-slit Scintillator Magnetic field shielding Gas Cerenkov • Wire Chamber Tracking • Shower system and Gas Cerenkov for electron PID. • 64 msr • large out-of-plane acceptance, essential for separating Collins/Sivers effect

  14. BigBite Optics • Multi-Carbon Target for vertex reconstruction • Sieve Slot for angular reconstruction • Hydrogen elastic scattering at 1.2 GeV and 2.4 GeV for momentum reconstruction • Also positive optics BigBite Sieve Slit

  15. Contamination (Photon-Induced Electron) Single • πo induced electrons: • Direct Decay to γe+e- • γ interacted with material, pair production • Same kinematics for e+ and e- • Single: • Method I: (e+ Data Directly) • Method II: MC • Coincidence channel: • Ratio method, • Direct from e+ Data • Consistent with Hall B/C Data Coincidence

  16. 3He Results Non-zero Collins moments at highest x bin for π + (2.3 σ stat. + sys. + mod.) Favor a negative values for Siversπ + results. After correction of N2 dilution (dedicated reference cell data) Model (fitting) uncertainties are shown in blue band. Other systematic uncertainties shown in red band.

  17. Comparison with World Data

  18. Proton Dilution Effective Polarization Approach Plane Wave Approximation fn measured with dedicated data. Corrected by Proton Asymmetries. Nuclear effect ISI under control: S. Scopetta PRD75 054005 (2007) Unpolarized FSI: <3.5% from multiplicity measurement Spin-dependent FSI were estimated to be well below 1% within a simple Glauberrescattering model

  19. Results on Neutron • Sizable Collins π+ asymmetries at x=0.34? • Sign of violation of Soffer’s inequality? • Data are limited by stat. Needs more precise data! • Negative Siversπ+ Asymmetry • Consistent with HERMES/COMPASS • Independent demonstration of negative d quark Sivers function. Model (fitting) uncertainties shown in blue band. Radiative correction: bin migration + uncer. of asy. Spin-dependent FSI estimated <1% (Glauberrescattering + no correction) Diffractive rho: 3-10%

  20. Best Measurements on Neutron at High x

  21. Paper Appeared on arXiv • arXiv: 1106.0363, will submit in a few days.

  22. Experimental Overview • SoLID (proposed for PVDIS)3He(e,e’π+/-)‏ • Large acceptance: ~100 msr for polarized (without baffles) • High luminosity • High pressure polarized 3He target • SIDIS: improve by a factor of 100-1000 • 11 GeV beam,15 µA (unpolarized/polarized)‏ • UnpolarizedH/D/3He factorization test & dilution corrections • Two approved experiments: E10-006 & E11-007 • SSA in SIDIS Pion Production on a Transversely/ Longitudinally Polarized 3He Target at 8.8 and 11 GeV. • White paper: H. Gao et al. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 126:2 (2011) • Also SBS Transversity Program focus on high Q2.

  23. SoLID Setup for SIDIS on 3He • Shared device with PVDIS: • GEM Tracker • Light Gas Cerenkov • Calorimeter • Shared R&D in • GEM • Light collection in magnetic field. • Fast DAQ • New Calorimeter System Additional devices of MRPC, scintillator plane, heavy gas Cerenkov which provide us the capability in hadron detection.

  24. Projections (1 of 48 bins 0.3<z<0.7)

  25. Selected Physics Motivation • 10% measurement of d quark transversity • Test of Soffers bound at high x • Search for sign change in Sivers function • Measure Sivers function at high PT • Data at high x low Q2 for evolution studies • Precision data to test • First non-zero measurement of Pretzlosity • DSA: Worm-gear functions • Test model calculations ‐> h1L=? ‐g1T • Connections with Collinear PDFs through WW approx. and LIR.

  26. Bright Future for TMDs • Golden channel of Electron-Ion Collider Dream!

  27. TMDs at EIC • Sea quark TMDs, what will happen at very low x? • GluonSivers through back-to-back D-meson production • Twist-3 tri-gluon correlation through D-meson production • TSSA at medium/large PT Twist-3 approach vs. TMDs • Test Collins-SoperEvolution for high vs. low Q2 at large x. • See more discussion in Duke EIC-TMD workshop summary: • M. Anselmino et al. arxiv:1101.4199 EPJ A47,35 2011.

  28. Summary • Measuring Transversity and TMDs through SIDIS open a new window to understand nucleon (spin) structure. • First Direct Neutron SSA @ E06-010 • Best neutron results in the valence quark region. • “Interesting behavior” of d transversity at large x. • Independently confirmation of negative d quark Sivers function. • Transversityand TMDs: from exploration to precision • JLab 12 GeV energy upgrade: an ideal tool for this study • A large acceptance SoLIDwith high luminosity 3He target • TMD: sea quark, gluon, evolution studies TMD vs. twist-3 collinear pdf at large PT @ EIC

  29. BigBite Wire Chamber • Three Chambers, 6 planes each, 200 wires each plane: more than 3000 wires in total. • Connecting/Debuging/Understanding • Special thanks to Brandon Craver and Seamus Riordan • Monitor the hit efficiency • Offline calibration: residual σ ~ 180 um • Time Offset Calibration • Drift Time to Drift Distance conversion • Wire Position • Iteration procedure with help of tracking

  30. Understanding BigBite Tracking • Tracking: Pattern match tree search (Ole) • Online: Low luminosity + Event Display • use elastic electron events (high energy deposition in calorimeter): >85% • Tracking efficiency vs. luminosity • Offline: • BigBite GEANT3 Simulation (Comgeant) >95% • 1st pass hydrogen elastic cross section measurement ~95%

  31. Check of BigBite Optics • Different combination of sieve/target • Sieve runs at 5th pass, carbon foils run at 5th pass • 5th pass hydrogen elastic to check the behavior at high momentum

  32. Data Quality Check • A good data sample is a key for the success of data analysis • Low level checks on detector responses on different detectors • E.g. PMT responses of Gas Cerenkov • Low level checks on trigger rates/DAQ live times • Identified problems as Q1 quenching • Occasions with DAQ problems • Careful catalog of all the runs • Web-based Run list (PHP-MYSQL) • More than one month dedicated time in this work.

  33. Fun with Data Taking • Special thanks to our spokespersons for giving us a lot of freedom in playing with our system. • Understand the timing and trigger circuit -> Creation of BigBite retiming circuit + firmly establish all the delays • Understanding the distribution/background -> BigBite Positive polarity run • During Janurary run: four problems (Gas Cerenkov spectrum, live time, Helicity signals, Left arm EDTP signal) gradually happened -> a loose L1A cable in the left HRS

  34. Rich Physics Topics • Pion Collins/Sivers SSA Moments • DSA Moments with polarized beam • Results on Kaons/Protons • Observation of anti-proton • DIS Ay (inclusive, also g2) • Large asymmetries on inclusive hadron. • …

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